Karakterisasi Sifat Kimia dan Evaluasi Tingkat Degradasi pada Beberapa Subgrup Tanah di Lahan Kelapa Sawit Menjelang Replanting

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi sifat kimia tanah, mengevaluasi tingkat degradasi tanah, serta membandingkan perubahan sifat kimia tanah dengan data status hara tahun 2020 pada tiga Subgrup tanah lahan mineral menjelang replanting kelapa sawit, yaitu Aeric Paleaquult, Typic Endoaquept, dan Aquic Paleudult. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Bumi Ayu Estate, PT Guthrie Pecconina Indonesia, Sumatera Selatan. Sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman 0–20 cm dan 20–40 cm, kemudian dianalisis meliputi pH, C-organik, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), kejenuhan basa (KB), aluminium dapat ditukar (Al-dd), dan bulk density(BD). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan penilaian menggunakan sistem skoring berdasarkan kriteria degradasi tanah serta dibandingkan dengan data status hara tahun 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh Subgrup memiliki pH masam dengan variasi nilai C-organik, KTK, KB, Al-dd, dan BD sesuai karakteristik masing-masing Subgrup. Berdasarkan sistem skoring, Aeric Paleaquult tergolong tidak terdegradasi, Aquic Paleudult degradasi ringan, dan Typic Endoaquept degradasi sedang. Perbandingan dengan data tahun 2020 menunjukkan adanya perubahan pada sifat kimia tanah, khususnya penurunan C organik dan KTK, yang kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh penyerapan hara selama masa produksi, curah hujan tinggi, serta penghentian pemupukan sebelum penanaman kembali.

This study aimed to characterize soil chemical properties, evaluate the level of soil degradation, and compare changes in soil chemical properties with the 2020 soil nutrient status data across three mineral soil subgroups prior to oil palm replanting, namely Aeric Paleaquult, Typic Endoaquept, and Aquic Paleudult. The research was conducted at Bumi Ayu Estate, PT Guthrie Pecconina Indonesia, South Sumatra. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) and analyzed for soil pH, organic carbon (C-organic), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), exchangeable aluminum (Al-dd), and bulk density(BD). The data were analyzed descriptively, followed by a scoring system based on soil degradation criteria and compared with the 2020 soil nutrient status data. The results showed that all soil subgroups were acidic, with variations in C-organic, CEC, BS, Al-dd, and BD according to their respective soil characteristics. Based on the scoring system, Aeric Paleaquult was classified as non-degraded, Aquic Paleudult as slightly degraded, and Typic Endoaquept as moderately degraded. Comparison with the 2020 data indicated changes in soil chemical properties, particularly decreases in C-organic and CEC, which were likely influenced by nutrient uptake during the production period, high rainfall, and the cessation of fertilization prior to replanting.