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      Karakterisasi Fisikokimia dan Pengukuran Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Nanopartikel Daun Surian (Toona sinensis A. Juss) Hasil Planetary Ball Milling.

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Febrian, Lava
      Falah, Syamsul
      Andrianto, Dimas
      Mardliyanti, Etik
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      Abstract
      Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia dan terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Sekitar 74% dari seluruh kematian global disebabkan oleh PTM, seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes melitus, kanker, dan penyakit neurodegeneratif. Salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam perkembangan berbagai penyakit tersebut adalah stres oksidatif akibat paparan radikal bebas. Pemanfaatan antioksidan alami dari tanaman menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang terus dikembangkan. Daun surian (Toona sinensis) diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, terutama fenolik dan flavonoid, yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Pemanfaatan senyawa bioaktif daun surian masih terbatas karena ukuran partikelnya yang relatif besar dapat mengurangi kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas. Upaya untuk mengatasinya adalah melalui teknologi nanopartikel menggunakan planetary ball milling, yang mampu memperkecil ukuran partikel tanpa mengubah struktur kimia utama bahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi nanopartikel daun T. sinensis serta menganalisis kandungan total fenolik, total flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan nanosimplisia daun surian menggunakan Planetary Ball Mill PM 200. Sampel kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% melalui metode maserasi. Karakterisasi fisik dilakukan menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) untuk menentukan ukuran partikel, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengamati morfologi partikel, serta Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) untuk mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi. Kandungan total fenolik ditentukan menggunakan metode Folin–Ciocalteu, sedangkan total flavonoid dianalisis menggunakan metode aluminium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis menggunakan empat metode, yaitu DPPH, ABTS, CuPRAC, dan FRAP. Seluruh data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel memiliki ukuran partikel rata-rata sebesar 481,1 nm, indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0,46 dan potensial zeta sebesar –28,34 mV yang menunjukkan kestabilan yang cukup baik. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan tidak adanya perubahan gugus fungsi utama setelah proses pengecilan ukuran partikel (nanosizing). Kandungan total fenolik dan total flavonoid tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak simplisia daun surian, masing-masing sebesar 256,22 mg GAE/g dan 31,35 mg QE/g, sedangkan nanopartikel menunjukkan kandungan yang lebih rendah. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak simplisia daun surian memiliki aktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan nanopartikel, dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 92,002 ppm (DPPH), 39,90 ppm (ABTS), 3,20 ppm (CuPRAC), dan 26,68 ppm (FRAP). Proses nanosizing cenderung menurunkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidan akibat degradasi yang terjadi selama proses penggilingan.
       
      Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with their prevalence continuing to increase each year. Approximately 74% of all global deaths are attributed to NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. One of the major factors contributing to the development of these diseases is oxidative stress caused by excessive free radical exposure. Therefore, the utilization of natural antioxidants derived from plants has gained increasing attention. Toona sinensis leaves are known to contain various bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics and flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant properties. However, the utilization of these bioactive compounds remains limited due to their relatively large particle size, which may reduce solubility and bioavailability. Nanoparticle technology using planetary ball milling offers a promising approach to overcome this limitation by reducing particle size while preserving the material's primary chemical structure. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize T. sinensis leaf nanoparticles and evaluate their total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The study began with the preparation of T. sinensis leaf nanosimplicia using a Planetary Ball Mill PM 200. The samples were subsequently extracted with 70% ethanol using the maceration method. Physical characterization was performed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) to determine particle size, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe particle morphology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoid content was analyzed using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using four different assays, namely DPPH, ABTS, CuPRAC, and FRAP. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the nanoparticles had an average particle size of 481.1 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.46 and a zeta potential of -28.34 mV, indicating relatively good stability. FTIR analysis revealed no changes in the major functional groups after the particle size reduction (nanosizing) process. The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were observed in the T. sinensis leaf simplicia extract, reaching 256.22 mg GAE/g and 31.35 mg QE/g, respectively, whereas the nanoparticles exhibited lower contents. The antioxidant activity assay demonstrated that the T. sinensis leaf simplicia extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the nanoparticles, with IC50 values of 92.00 ppm (DPPH), 39.90 ppm (ABTS), 3.201 ppm (CuPRAC), and 26.68 ppm (FRAP), respectively. The nanosizing process tended to reduce the bioactive compound content and antioxidant activity, which was likely attributed to the degradation of bioactive compounds during the milling process.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178257
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      • MF - Mathematics and Natural Science [4264]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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