Ekspor Ular CITES Appendix II dan Kontribusinya terhadap Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak di indonesia

Abstract

Ekspor ular CITES Appendix II berperan dalam konservasi sekaligus menyumbang Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP). Penelitian menggunakan metode campuran untuk menganalisis jumlah, tren ekspor 2020-2024, kontribusi PNBP, serta pola pengelolaannya di Indonesia. Data diperoleh melalui studi literatur, situs CITES Trade Database, dan wawancara dengan dua staf Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati Spesies dan Genetik, Kementerian Kehutanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kategori kulit memiliki jumlah terbesar (1.378.878 lembar) dan penyumbang PNBP tertinggi (Rp2.794.006.380,00). Meskipun ekspor pakaian, kantung empedu, daging, ular hidup, dan produk kulit turun, tren potongan kulit justru naik. Hal ini menandakan pergeseran pasar ke produk setengah jadi. Pengelolaan perdagangan diterapkan melalui sistem kuota dan verifikasi fisik untuk menjamin legalitas. Pergeseran komoditas dan pengembangan penangkaran mencerminkan bentuk adaptasi terhadap upaya konservasi dan preferensi pasar.

The exports of CITES Appendix II snakes play a role in conservation while contributing to Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP). This study uses a mixed-methods approach to analyze the volume, export trends from 2020-2024, PNBP contribution, and management patterns in Indonesia. Data were collected through literature review, the CITES Trade Database website, and interviews with two staff members from the Directorate of Conservation of Species and Genetic Biodiversity, Ministry of Forestry. The results show that the skin category had the largest volume (1.378.878 pieces) and was the highest contributor to PNBP (IDR 2.794.006.380,00). Although exports of garments, gallbladders, meat, live snakes, and leather products declined, the trend for skin pieces actually increased. This indicates a market shift toward semi-finished products. Trade management is implemented through quota systems and physical verification to ensure legality. Commodity shifts and the development of captive breeding reflect adaptations to both conservation efforts and market preferences.