Persepsi Peternak Terhadap Implementasi Sistem Pertanian Terpadu melalui Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) di Kawasan Transmigrasi Palolo

Abstract

Kawasan Transmigrasi Palolo, Kabupaten Sigi, memiliki potensi besar pada sektor pertanian dan peternakan, tetapi pengelolaan limbah ternak dan pertanian masih belum optimal akibat pola pemeliharaan tradisional yang menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dan hilangnya nilai ekonomi. Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) hadir sebagai model pembelajaran nonformal untuk memperkuat kapasitas peternak dalam menerapkan sistem pertanian terpadu berbasis prinsip 4F (food, feed, fuel, fertilizer) melalui sistem pertanian terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji situasi komunitas dampingan SPR, menganalisis persepsi peternak terhadap implementasi sistem pertanian terpadu, dan menganalisis hubungan antara persepsi sistem pertanian terpadu dengan implementasi sistem pertanian terpadu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung data kualitatif, dengan 36 responden terdiri atas 18 peternak dampingan SPR (Kelompok Tani Pawitan dan Al-Mutmainnah) dan 18 peternak non-dampingan, dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner skala Likert, wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi, dokumentasi, studi literatur, serta uji kualitas tanah (PUTS dan PUTK), lalu dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peternak dampingan SPR memiliki persepsi dan implementasi sistem pertanian terpadu berkategori tinggi, mencakup komponen food, feed, dan fertilizer, dengan kesuburan tanah lebih baik dibandingkan peternak non-dampingan yang baru mencapai komponen food. Uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan positif dan kuat antara persepsi sistem pertanian terpadu dengan implementasi sistem pertanian terpadu (rs=0,623; p<0,001). Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa pendampingan SPR berperan penting membentuk persepsi positif yang mendorong penerapan sistem pertanian terpadu secara nyata di lapangan.

The Palolo Transmigration Area in Sigi Regency holds substantial potential in the agricultural and livestock sectors, yet the management of livestock and agricultural waste remains suboptimal due to traditional rearing practices that cause environmental pollution and economic loss. The People's Livestock School (SPR) serves as a non-formal learning model designed to strengthen farmers' capacity in implementing an integrated farming system based on the 4F principle (food, feed, fuel, fertilizer) through integrated farming system. This study aims to examine the condition of the SPR-assisted community, analyze farmers' perceptions of the implementation of the integrated farming system, and analyze the relationship between perceptions of integrated farming system and the implementation of the integrated farming system. A quantitative approach supported by qualitative data was employed, involving 36 respondents consisting of 18 SPR-assisted farmers (Pawitan and Al-Mutmainnah Farmer Groups) and 18 non-assisted farmers, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observation, documentation, literature review, and soil quality tests (PUTS and PUTK), then analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation. The results show that SPR-assisted farmers exhibited high perceptions and implementation of the integrated farming system, covering the food, feed, and fertilizer components, with better soil fertility compared to non-assisted farmers who had only achieved the food component. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and strong relationship between perceptions of crop-livestock integration and implementation of the integrated farming system (rs = 0.623; p < 0.001). The study concludes that SPR assistance plays a significant role in shaping positive perceptions that drive the actual implementation of integrated farming systems in the field.