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      SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI INJECTABLE BONE SUBSTITUTE BERBASIS HIDROKSIAPATIT/POLIMER KOMPLEKS TERDOPING BIOSILIKA UNTUK APLIKASI IMPLAN TULANG REGENERATIF

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Siratuyasa, Siti Farhah
      Sari, Yessie Widya
      Putri, Rindia Maharani
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      Abstract
      Defek tulang akibat trauma, infeksi, atau reseksi tumor masih menjadi tantangan klinis yang meningkatkan kebutuhan biomaterial untuk regenerasi tulang. Injectable Bone Substitute (IBS) merupakan alternatif yang menjanjikan karena dapat diaplikasikan secara minimal invasif dan menyesuaikan bentuk defek tulang yang tidak beraturan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan IBS berbasis hidroksiapatit/polimer kompleks yang terdiri atas alginat, kitosan, dan karboksimetil selulosa (CMC), dengan memanfaatkan nanohidroksiapatit (nHAp) dari limbah cangkang telur ayam dan CMC dari limbah batang semu pisang. Biosilika diatom ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan sifat biologis material. Berbagai formulasi dievaluasi berdasarkan viskositas, perilaku reologi, kemampuan injeksi, waktu pengerasan, dan ketahanan terhadap washout. Formulasi dengan ketahanan washout terbaik selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan scanning electron microscopy dan energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM– EDX) serta dianalisis profil plasma protein corona-nya dengan pendekatan proteomik berbasis nanoLC–HRMS. Seluruh formulasi menunjukkan kemampuan injeksi di atas 90% dan perilaku aliran non-Newtonian bertipe shear-thinning, yang menunjukkan kesesuaiannya untuk aplikasi injeksi. Formulasi alginat–kitosan– CMC memperlihatkan ketahanan washout tertinggi dengan tetap utuh selama 240 menit. Penambahan biosilika sebesar 0,5% (b/v) menghasilkan mikrostruktur yang lebih kohesif dengan berkurangnya rongga antarpartikel. Analisis proteomik menunjukkan bahwa biosilika memodifikasi plasma protein corona melalui penurunan adsorpsi protein komplemen (C3, C4A, dan C9) dan peningkatan adsorpsi histidine-rich glycoprotein, albumin, serotransferin, dan apolipoprotein AI mengindikasikan terbentuknya antarmuka biomaterial yang lebih biokompatibel dan kurang bersifat proinflamasi. Profil protein corona yang paling baik diperoleh pada penambahan biosilika sebesar 1% (b/v), yang menunjukkan bahwa performa fisikokimia dan respons biologis belum dapat dioptimalkan secara bersamaan pada satu konsentrasi biosilika. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi nanohidroksiapatit yang berasal dari limbah cangkang telur ayam, CMC yang diekstraksi dari limbah batang semu pisang, dan biosilika diatom berpotensi menghasilkan IBS yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi rekayasa jaringan tulang.
       
      Bone defects caused by trauma, infection, or tumor resection remain a major clinical challenge, increasing the demand for biomaterials that support bone regeneration. Injectable Bone Substitute (IBS) is a promising alternative because it enables minimally invasive delivery and conforms to irregular bone defects. In this study, a hydroxyapatite/complex polymer-based IBS composed of alginate, chitosan, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was developed using nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) derived from chicken eggshell waste and CMC extracted from banana pseudostem waste. Diatom biosilica was incorporated to enhance the biological performance of the material. Various formulations were evaluated in terms of viscosity, rheological behavior, injectability, setting time, and washout resistance. The formulation with the highest washout resistance was further characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), and its plasma protein corona profile was analyzed using a nanoLC–HRMS-based proteomic approach. All formulations exhibited injectability above 90% and non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, demonstrating their suitability for injectable applications. The alginate–chitosan– CMC formulation showed the highest washout resistance, remaining intact for 240 min. Incorporation of 0.5% (w/v) biosilica produced a more cohesive microstructure with reduced interparticle voids. Proteomic analysis revealed that biosilica modified the plasma protein corona by decreasing the adsorption of complement proteins (C3, C4A, and C9) while increasing the adsorption of histidine-rich glycoprotein, albumin, serotransferrin, and apolipoprotein A-I, indicating a more biocompatible and less pro-inflammatory biomaterial interface. The most favorable protein corona profile was observed at 1% (w/v) biosilica, suggesting that physicochemical performance and biological responses could not be simultaneously optimized at a single biosilica concentration. Overall, this study demonstrates that the combination of nanohydroxyapatite derived from chicken eggshell waste, CMC extracted from banana pseudostem waste, and diatom biosilica has the potential to produce a promising IBS for bone tissue engineering applications.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178173
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      • MF - Mathematics and Natural Science [4264]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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