Transmisi Pengetahuan Ekologi Tradisional (PET) di Kampung Naga,Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Pengetahuan Ekologi Tradisional (PET) berperan penting dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan pelestarian budaya, namun proses transmisinya menghadapi tantangan akibat modernisasi dan perubahan sosial. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi PET, pola transmisi, serta strategi transmisi PET pada masyarakat Kampung Naga. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara mendalam, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan studi literatur, yang kemudian dianalisis secara tematik induktif serta deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PET di Kampung Naga mencakup tujuh pengetahuan, yaitu tolak bala, bahan rumah adat, pertanian, penataan permukiman, zonasi hutan, institusi sosial, dan pandangan dunia. Transmisi PET di Kampung Naga didominasi oleh model transmisi vertikal pada usia sekolah dasar di lingkungan kampung, melalui metode lisan. Meskipun modernisasi memicu kesenjangan pengetahuan antargenerasi, masyarakat bertahan melalui nasihat, teguran, dan nilai pamali. Upaya pelestarian ini perlu didukung oleh dokumentasi digital, integrasi pendidikan formal, serta pelibatan masyarakat adat dalam kebijakan.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) plays a vital role in the management of natural resources and preservation of indigenous cultures, but its transmission faces challenges due to modernization and social change. This study aims to identify TEK, patterns of transmission, and strategies for transmitting TEK among the community of Kampung Naga. The study employed observational methods, in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, and a literature review, then analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and descriptive comparative analysis. The results indicate that TEK in Kampung Naga encompasses seven areas of knowledge: tolak bala, traditional houses, agriculture, settlement planning, forest zoning, social institutions, and worldview. The transmission of TEK in Kampung Naga is dominated by a vertical transmission, occurring during elementary school age within the community through oral methods. Although modernization has created a knowledge gap between generations, the community persists through advice, admonitions, and taboos. These preservation efforts need to be supported by digital documentation, integration into formal education, and the involvement of indigenous community in policy-making.