Tingkat Serangan Hama Tikus dan Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit di Bogor

Abstract

Hama tikus (Rattus spp.) merupakan hama utama perkebunan kelapa sawit yang menurunkan hasil produksi akibat kerusakan tandan buah. Keberhasilan pengendaliannya dipengaruhi metode pengendalian dan kondisi lingkungan pendukung aktivitas tikus, namun informasinya masih terbatas di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui tingkat serangan tikus berdasarkan insidensi dan keparahan, serta pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadapnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun IPB–Cargill, Jonggol, Bogor, pada empat blok, mengamati temperatur udara, tinggi tanaman, tutupan kanopi, dan epifit. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, regresi logistik, dan regresi linier berganda. Insidensi serangan 20–47% dan keparahan 1,2–3,2%, di bawah ambang ekonomi 5%. Temperatur udara dan tutupan kanopi berpengaruh nyata terhadap insidensi, sedangkan keparahan hanya dipengaruhi tutupan kanopi. Tingkat serangan tikus tergolong rendah, dengan temperatur udara dan tutupan kanopi berhubungan nyata.

Rat pests (Rattus spp.) are a major pest in oil palm plantations that reduce production yield due to damage to fruit bunches. Control success is influenced by control methods and environmental conditions supporting rat activity, although information on this remains limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine rat attack levels based on incidence and severity, and their relationship with environmental factors. The research was conducted at the IPB–Cargill Garden, Jonggol, Bogor, across four blocks, observing air temperature, plant height, canopy cover, and epiphytes. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression tests. Attack incidence was 20–47% and severity 1.2–3.2%, below the 5% economic threshold. Air temperature and canopy cover significantly affected incidence, while severity was only affected by canopy cover. Rat attack levels were low, with air temperature and canopy cover significantly associated.