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      Huanglongbing sebagai Penyakit Dominan Tanaman Jeruk di Bogor dan Diagnosisnya secara Molekuler

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      SHALSABILA, NAYYA NAQIYYA
      Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah
      Nurulita, Sari
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      Abstract
      Jeruk merupakan salah satu komoditas utama yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia, dengan produksi nasional mencapai 2,4 juta ton pada tahun 2025. Produksi jeruk Indonesia tidak terlepas dari kendala masalah gangguan hama dan penyakit, termasuk penyakit Huanglongbing (HLB) atau citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD), dengan perkiraan kerugian setara 120 miliar rupiah per tahun. Agen penyebab HLB adalah Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) yang merupakan bakteri fastidious dan bersifat parasit obligat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai intensitas penyakit HLB, mengevaluasi variasi pola gejala HLB pada daun, dan mendeteksi CLas sebagai agen penyebab di tiga lokasi pertanaman jeruk di Bogor. Lokasi pertanaman A menunjukkan insidensi (IP) = 100% dan severitas penyakit (SP) = 49,5% memberikan hasil deteksi positif PCR pada tiga contoh, pertanaman B dengan IP = 100% dan SP = 45,2% positif HLB pada semua contoh, dan pertanaman C dengan IP = 57,7% dan SP = 15,5% positif HLB pada enam contoh. Penyakit HLB di pertanaman menunjukkan pola spasial secara acak. Gejala penyakit yang ditemukan meliputi enam tipe yang semuanya berasosiasi dengan hasil deteksi PCR yang positif, sedangkan contoh tanpa gejala memberikan hasil negatif. Umur dan jenis tanaman jeruk tidak memberikan hubungan yang tegas dengan keberadaan patogen melalui deteksi molekuler. Agen penyebab huanglongbing dikonfirmasi melalui analisis PCR dan BLAST dari sekuens nukleotida gen RNA 16S parsial sebagai Ca. L. asiaticus, menunjukkan kemiripan 100% dengan aksesi yang berasal dari India (PV185788.1, MH473390.1, MH473395.1, PV185787.1), dan Trinidad dan Tobago (MN575695.1).
       
      Oranges are one of the main commodities cultivated in Indonesia, with national production reaching 2.4 million tons by 2025. Indonesia's orange production is hampered by pest and disease problems, including huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD), which is estimated to cause losses equivalent to 120 billion rupiah per year. The causative agent of HLB is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is an obligate fastidious parasitic bacterium. The study aimed to assess the intensity of Huanglongbing disease, evaluate variations in HLB symptom patterns on leaves, and detect CLas as the causative agent in three citrus orchards in Bogor. Orchard A showed a disease incidence (DI) of 100% and severity (DS) of 49.5%, yielding positive PCR results in three samples. Orchard B, with an DI of 100% and DS of 45.2%, positive HLB in all samples, and Orchard C, with an DI of 57.7% and DS of 15.5%, positive HLB in six samples. The disease symptoms found included six types, all of which were associated with positive PCR detection results, while symptomatic leaf samples yielded negative. The age and type of citrus plant did not provide a clear relationship with the presence of the pathogen through molecular detection. The causative agent of huanglongbing was confirmed through PCR and BLAST analysis of partial 16S RNA gene nucleotide sequences as Ca. L. asiaticus, showed 100% similarity to accessions originating from India (PV185788.1, MH473390.1, MH473395.1, PV185787.1), and Trinidad and Tobago (MN575695.1).
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178089
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