Pengaruh Kombinasi Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Hama Ulat Grayak pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Brokoli (Brassica oleracea L.)

Abstract

Produksi brokoli mengalami penurunan akibat serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT), salah satunya hama ulat grayak. Pengendalian hama ulat grayak dengan kombinasi pestisida nabati daun papaya dan daun suren merupakan salah satu alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi kombinasi pestisida nabati terhadap respons pertumbuhan tanaman brokoli, serta mortalitas hama dan intensitas serangan hama ulat grayak. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal yang terdiri atas tiga taraf perlakuan konsentrasi pestisida nabati dengan tiga ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 9 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang diuji meliputi: P0 (Kontrol), P1 (20 cc/liter), P2 (30 cc/liter). Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD pada taraf signifikasi 5%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot segar ekonomis, besar krop bunga, mortalitas hama, dan intensitas serangan hama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pestisida nabati berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa parameter yang diamati, seperti diameter batang, bobot segar ekonomis, mortalitas hama, dan intensitas serangan hama. Aplikasi perlakuan P1 memberikan hasil pertumbuhan dan produksi brokoli terbaik yang ditunjukkan oleh diameter batang terbesar dan bobot segar eknomis tertinggi, sedangkan perlakuan P2 menghasilkan mortalitas ulat grayak tertinggi dan intensitas serangan hama terendah.

Broccoli production has declined due to attacks by plant pests and diseases, particularly the armyworm (Spodoptera litura). One alternative method for controlling this pest is the use of a combination of botanical pesticides derived from papaya (Carica papaya) leaves and suren (Toona sinensis) leaves. This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of the combined botanical pesticide on broccoli growth, as well as on armyworm mortality and pest attack intensity. The experiment employed a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of three treatment levels of botanical pesticide concentration with three replications, resulting in nine experimental units. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control), P1 (20 cc/L), and P2 (30 cc/L). The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% significance level. The observed parameters included plant height, leaf width, number of leaves, stem diameter, marketable fresh weight, head diameter, pest mortality, and pest attack intensity. The results showed that the combined botanical pesticide significantly affected several observed parameters, including stem diameter, marketable fresh weight, pest mortality, and pest attack intensity. The P1 treatment produced the best broccoli growth and yield, as indicated by the largest stem diameter and the highest marketable fresh weight, whereas the P2 treatment resulted in the highest armyworm mortality and the lowest pest attack intensity.