Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Interpretasi Etnobotani di Desa Komodo dan Desa Pasir Panjang Taman Nasional Komodo

Abstract

Keberhasilan pengelolaan Taman Nasional Komodo secara berkelanjutan memerlukan dukungan masyarakat melalui pelestarian kearifan lokal dan pengetahuan etnobotani yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai program interpretasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi sumber daya etnobotani, pemanfaatan tumbuhan, dan kearifan lokal masyarakat, serta menyusun program interpretasi etnobotani di Desa Komodo dan Desa Pasir Panjang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari-Februari 2026 melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan kuesioner terhadap 200 responden. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, skala Likert, Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 61 jenis tumbuhan dari 31 famili dengan kategori obat dan pangan sebagai pemanfaatan utama. Tumbuhan prioritas meliputi asam, bidara, kelapa, dan jati. Penelitian menghasilkan dua program interpretasi etnobotani dan dua buku panduan sebagai media pemberdayaan masyarakat yang mendukung pelestarian kearifan lokal dan konservasi Taman Nasional Komodo.

The sustainable management of Komodo National Park requires active community support through the preservation of local wisdom and ethnobotanical knowledge, which have the potential to be developed into interpretation programs. This study aimed to identify ethnobotanical resources, plant utilization, and local wisdom, and to develop an ethnobotanical interpretation program for Komodo Village and Pasir Panjang Village. The study was conducted from January to February 2026 using field observations, interviews, literature reviews, and questionnaires involving 200 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, a Likert scale, the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), and SWOT analysis. The results identified 61 plant species belonging to 31 families, with medicinal and food uses as the dominant utilization categories. Priority plant species included tamarind, jujube, coconut, and teak. This study produced two ethnobotanical interpretation programs and two guidebooks as tools for community empowerment, the preservation of local wisdom, and the support of conservation efforts in Komodo National Park.