Aplikasi Kitosan dari Limbah Tulang Sotong (Sepia officinalis) sebagai Pasta Flame Retardant pada Furnitur Kayu Meranti

Abstract

Tingginya limbah tulang sotong memicu pencemaran, padahal kandungan kitinnya berpotensi diolah menjadi kitosan untuk flame retardant ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas kitosan limbah tulang sotong (Sepia officinalis) pada kayu meranti. Karakterisasi kualitas kitosan dan ketahanan api kayu berbasis ASTM E69-22 diuji di TPMK IPB dan FTIR di FMIPA ITB,. Hasil menunjukkan kitosan memiliki rendemen 12,6%, kadar air 6,5%, kadar abu 22,52% akibat sisa CaCO3 , serta derajat deasetilasi (DD) 55,05%. Kitosan terlihat pada gelombang 3448,72 cm -1 (gugus –OH dan –NH2). Pelapisan tiga layer membutuhkan 41,64 mL larutan dengan kandungan kitosan 0,00504 g/cm3 (P1) dan 0,01007 g/cm3 (P2). Uji bakar menunjukkan penurunan kehilangan berat (weight loss) yang sangat signifikan dari kontrol (88,07%) menjadi 4,31% (P1) dan 1,59% (P2). Simpulannya, kitosan tulang sotong yang masih mengandung sisa kalsium karbonat efektif meningkatkan ketahanan api kayu meranti.

The large amount of cuttlefish bone waste causes pollution, even though its chitin content has the potential to be processed into chitosan for use as an environmentally friendly flame retardant. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan derived from cuttlefish bone waste (Sepia officinalis) on meranti wood. The characterization of chitosan quality and the fire resistance of the wood, based on ASTM E69-22 were tested at TPMK IPB, and FTIR analysis was conducted at FMIPA ITB. The results showed that the chitosan had a yield of 12.6%, a moisture content of 6.5%, an ash content of 22.52% due to residual CaCO 3 , and a degree of deacetylation (DD) of 55.05%. Chitosan was detected at a wavenumber of 3448.72 cm(-1) (gugus –OH and –NH2). Applying three layers required 41.64 mL of solution with chitosan concentrations of 0.00504 g/cm^3 (P1) and 0.01007 g/cm3 (P2). The burning test showed a highly significant reduction in weight loss from the control (88.07%) to 4.31% (P1) and 1.59% (P2). In conclusion, cuttlefish bone chitosan that still contains residual calcium carbonate effectively improves the fire resistance of meranti wood.