Karakteristik Serat dan Kain Rami Terimpregnasi Bio-poliuretan Berbasis Tanin terglioksalasi dengan Variasi Perlakuan Flame Retardant

Abstract

Serat rami berpotensi sebagai pengganti serat sintetis pada industri tekstil, tetapi ketahanan apinya perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh nisbah sampel (serat dan kain rami terimpregnasi bio-poliuretan non isosianat berbasis tanin-terglioksalasi (Bio-PUNI-TG): flame retardant (FR) pada 1:10 dan 1:20 (w/w) dan waktu perendaman FR (75, 90, dan 105 menit) terhadap sifat fisikokimia, mekanik, ketahanan api, dan ketahanan hidrolisis. Impregnasi Bio-PUNI-TG meningkatkan berat (weight gain) serat dan kain masing-masing 67,24% dan 54,33%. Interaksi nisbah sampel: FR dan waktu perendaman menurunkan berat sampel karena leaching akibat perendaman FR, menaikkan kuat tarik serat dari 490,39 MPa (serat kontrol) menjadi 1.388,97 MPa (serat perlakuan), dan menurunkan kuat tarik kain. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya interaksi fisik antar gugus fungsi tanpa mengubah gugus fungsi utama. Ketahanan hidrolisis kain lebih baik dibandingkan serat, dan ketahanan api meningkat pada kedua sampel, dengan ketahanan api terbaik diperoleh pada nisbah sampel:FR 1:20 selama 105 menit.

Ramie fiber has the potential to replace synthetic fibers in the textile industry; however, its flame resistance requires further improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the sample (Bio-PUNI-TG-impregnated ramie fiber and fabric)-to-flame retardant (FR) ratio (1:10 and 1:20, w/w) and FR immersion time (75, 90, and 105 min) on the physicochemical, mechanical, flame-retardant, and hydrolytic properties of the materials. Bio-PUNI-TG impregnation increased the weight gain of ramie fiber and fabric by 67.24% and 54.33%, respectively. The interaction between the sample-to-FR ratio and immersion time reduced the sample weight due to Bio-PUNI-TG leaching during FR treatment, increased the tensile strength of ramie fiber from 490.39 MPa (control) to 1,388.97 MPa (treated), and decreased the tensile strength of the fabric. FTIR analysis indicated physical interactions among functional groups without altering the primary chemical functional groups. The fabric exhibited better hydrolytic resistance than the fiber, while the flame resistance of both materials was improved, with the best performance achieved at a sample-to-FR ratio of 1:20 and an immersion time of 105 min.