Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Hijau sebagai Coating dalam Mengurangi Susut Bobot pada Pisang Ambon

Abstract

Limbah cangkang kerang hijau (Perna viridis) berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kitosan untuk bahan edible coating dalam mengurangi susut bobot buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi kitosan hasil sintesis serta menguji penambahan ekstrak kulit bawang merah pada coating terhadap susut bobot pisang ambon. Pengujian menggunakan empat perlakuan, yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (kitosan 1% + 0,5 g Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose), P2 (kitosan 1% + ekstrak kulit bawang merah 0,5% + 0,5 g Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose), dan P3 (kitosan 1% + ekstrak kulit bawang merah 1% + 0,5 g Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose). Karakteristik kitosan meliputi analisis spektrum FTIR, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai kadar air 5,37% memenuhi standar Protan Laboratory, sedangkan kadar abu 2,31% belum memenuhi standar. Spektrum FTIR menunjukan keberadaan gugus O-H/N-H, C-H, dan C-O-C, namun tidak menunjukan puncak Amida I dan Amida II sehingga derajat deasetilasi tidak dapat dihitung. Perlakuan P3 menghasilkan rata-rata susut bobot terendah sebesar 29,89%, lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol 32,36%, sehingga berpotensi mengurangi kehilangan bobot selama penyimpanan.

Green mussel shell (Perna viridis) waste has the potential to be utilized as a source of chitosan for edible coatings to reduce postharvest weight loss in fruits. This study aimed to characterize chitosan synthesized and testing the effect of shallot peel extract addition to the coating on the weight loss of Ambon bananas. Four testing were applied, P0 (without coating), P1 (1% chitosan + 0.5 g Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose), P2 (1% chitosan + 0.5% shallot peel extract + 0.5 g Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose), and P3 (1% chitosan + 1% shallot peel extract + 0.5 g Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose). Chitosan characterization included FTIR spectroscopy, moisture content, and ash content analyses. The synthesized chitosan produced moisture content of 5.37% that met the standard, while the ash content of 2.31% exceeded the acceptable limit. FTIR analysis identified O–H/N–H, C–H, and C–O–C, however, Amide I and Amide II peaks were absent. Treatment P3 resulted in the lowest average weight loss (29.89%), compared with the control (32.36%), indicating its potential to reduce weight loss during storage.