Pengaruh Kerapatan Tanaman terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Produktivitas kelapa sawit dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah kerapatan tanaman. Perbedaan tingkat kerapatan tanaman dapat memengaruhi kompetisi antar tanaman dalam memperoleh cahaya, air, dan unsur hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kerapatan tanaman terhadap produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit serta mengidentifikasi perbedaan tingkat produktivitas pada blok dengan variasi kerapatan tanaman yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode observasi kuantitatif pada tiga blok tanaman menghasilkan dengan tingkat kerapatan masing-masing sebesar 144, 147, dan 157 pokok per hektare. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data produktivitas berupa yield (ton ha?¹) serta data karakter vegetatif dan data pendukung lingkungan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kerapatan tanaman pada kisaran 144–157 pokok per hektare tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P>0,05) terhadap produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit. Secara deskriptif terdapat perbedaan nilai produktivitas antarblok, dengan rata-rata yield tertinggi diperoleh pada blok dengan kerapatan 147 pokok per hektare.

Productivity oil palm is influenced by several factors, one of which is plant density. Differences in plant density may affect competition among plants in obtaining light, water, and nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of plant density on oil palm productivity and to identify differences in productivity levels among blocks with varying plant densities. The research was conducted using a quantitative observational method on three mature oil palm blocks with plant densities of 144, 147, and 157 palms per hectare, respectively. The collected data included productivity parameters consisting of yield (t ha?¹), as well as vegetative characteristics and supporting environmental data. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that differences in plant density within the range of 144–157 palms per hectare did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on oil palm productivity. However, descriptively, productivity values varied among blocks, with the highest average yield obtained in the block with a density of 147 palms per hectare.