Strategi Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Air di Taman Wisata Alam Buluh Cina Provinsi Riau

Abstract

Taman Wisata Alam Buluh Cina merupakan salah satu kawasan pelestarian alam di Provinsi Riau, memiliki potensi yang besar dalam pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air dengan mempertimbangkan fungsi konservasi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis potensi jasa lingkungan air, mengidentifikasi variabel-variabel kunci yang memengaruhi pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air, menganalisis pengaruh, ketergantungan, serta hubungan antar pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat dalam pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan yang mendukung pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan para pemangku kepentingan, selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, MICMAC, MACTOR, dan SWOT sebagai dasar penyusunan strategi keberlanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari–April 2025 di TWA Buluh Cina seluas ±963,33 ha yang didominasi hutan dataran rendah dan ekosistem rawa air tawar serta memiliki tujuh danau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air di TWA Buluh Cina digunakan untuk aktivitas perikanan tradisional, pengairan dan irigasi pertanian, pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik, konservasi dan pengendalian banjir, wisata dan edukasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya. Hasil analisis MICMAC menghasilkan tiga variabel kunci pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air yaitu kebijakan dan regulasi pengelola, aktivitas wisata, dan pengelolaan sumber daya air. Hasil analisis MACTOR menunjukkan konvergensi kuat antara BBKSDA Riau, Pemerintah Desa dan Kelompok Sadar Wisata, sehingga kolaborasi antar aktor ini dinilai krusial. Hasil analisis SWOT menempatkan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air di TWA Buluh Cina berada pada kuadran I (growth strategy). Strategi pengelolaan difokuskan pada optimalisasi kekuatan internal seperti keanekaragaman hayati, potensi tujuh danau, kearifan lokal, dan aksesibilitas kawasan untuk memanfaatkan peluang eksternal berupa pengembangan ekowisata, partisipasi masyarakat, dan kemitraan multipihak. Rekomendasi program pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air yang berkelanjutan, yaitu: (1) membangun skema imbal jasa lingkungan, (2) pelatihan dan peningkatan sumber daya manusia untuk masyarakat, (3) edukasi berbasis kearifan lokal dan program sadar wisata. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian yaitu keberhasilan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air di TWA Buluh Cina bergantung pada kebijakan dan regulasi pengelola, pelibatan aktif masyarakat lokal, serta sinergi lintas sektor. Implementasi strategi prioritas yang menggabungkan aspek konservasi dan pemberdayaan ekonomi diharapkan dapat mewujudkan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan yang berkelanjutan dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat sekitar tanpa merusak fungsi ekologi kawasan.

Buluh Cina Natural Tourism Park is one of the nature conservation areas in Riau Province, has great potential in the use of aquatic environmental services by considering the conservation function and community welfare. The objectives of the research are to identify and analyze the potential of water environmental services, identify key variables that affect the use of water environmental services, analyze the influences, dependencies, and relationships between stakeholders involved in the use of water environmental services and formulate management strategies that support the use of water environmental services. Data collection is carried out through field observation and in-depth interviews with stakeholders, then the data is processed and analyzed using descriptive analysis, MICMAC, MACTOR, and SWOT as the basis for the preparation of sustainability strategies. The research was carried out in February-April 2025 in TWA Buluh Cina covering an area of ±963.33 ha which is dominated by lowland forests and freshwater swamp ecosystems and has seven lakes. The results of the study show that the use of water environmental services in TWA Buluh China is used for traditional fishery activities, irrigation and agricultural irrigation, domestic needs fulfillment, flood conservation and control, tourism and education and resource management. The results of the MICMAC analysis produced three key variables for the use of water environmental services, namely management policies and regulations, tourism activities, and water resource management. The results of the MACTOR analysis show a strong convergence between BBKSDA Riau, the Village Government and the Tourism Awareness Group, so that collaboration between these actors is considered crucial. The results of the SWOT analysis placed the management and utilization of water environmental services at TWA Buluh China in quadrant I (growth strategy). The management strategy is focused on optimizing internal strengths such as biodiversity, the potential of seven lakes, local wisdom, and regional accessibility to take advantage of external opportunities in the form of ecotourism development, community participation, and multi-stakeholder partnerships. Recommendations for programs for the use of sustainable water environmental services, namely: (1) building an environmental service fee scheme, (2) training and improvement of human resources for the community, (3) education based on local wisdom and tourism awareness programs. The conclusion of the research results is that the success of the use of water environmental services in TWA Buluh Cina depends on the policies and regulations of the manager, the active involvement of local communities, and synergy across sectors. The implementation of priority strategies that combine aspects of conservation and economic empowerment is expected to realize the management and utilization of environmental services that are sustainable and beneficial to the surrounding community without damaging the ecological function of the area