Aktivitas Anti-penuaan Kulit dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Kaliandra Merah dan Kaliandra Putih

Abstract

Tanaman cepat tumbuh seperti kaliandra berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif alami kosmetik anti-penuaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan rendemen dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan serta efektivitas anti-penuaan melalui penghambatan enzim tirosinase dan kolagenase dari ekstrak daun, bunga, dan kulit kayu kaliandra merah (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.) dan kaliandra putih (C. tetragona (Willd.) Benth). Simplisia dikeringkan, dibuat serbuk (40–60 mesh), diuji kadar air dan abu, kemudian dimaserasi dengan etanol 70% selama 24 jam. Ekstrak diuji rendemen, aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dan FRAP, serta aktivitas antitirosinase dan antikolagenase secara in vitro. Bunga kaliandra putih menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi, sedangkan bunga kaliandra merah memiliki TPC dan TFC tertinggi. Aktivitas antioksidan terbaik ditunjukkan oleh bunga kaliandra merah, sementara kapasitas reduksi tertinggi diperoleh pada daun kaliandra merah. Aktivitas tertinggi terdapat pada daun kaliandra putih, sedangkan aktivitas antikolagenase tertinggi terdapat pada daun kaliandra merah pada menit ke-15. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa bunga dan daun kaliandra merah berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan aktif antioksidan dan anti-penuaan berbasis tanaman.

Fast-growing plants such as calliandra have potential as natural active ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and anti-aging efficacy through the inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase enzymes from leaf, flower, and bark extracts of red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.) and white calliandra (C. tetragona (Willd.) Benth). The plant materials were dried, ground into powder (40–60 mesh), tested for moisture and ash content, and then macerated with 70% ethanol for 24 hours. The extracts were tested for yield, antioxidant activity using the DPPH and FRAP methods, and in vitro tyrosinase and collagenase inhibitory activity. White calliandra flowers yielded the highest extraction yield, while red calliandra flowers had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The best antioxidant activity was demonstrated by red calliandra flowers, while the highest reducing capacity was obtained from red calliandra leaves. The highest activity was found in white calliandra leaves, whereas the highest anti-collagenase activity was found in red calliandra leaves at the 15-minute mark. These results indicate that red calliandra flowers and leaves have potential as sources of plant-based antioxidant and antiaging active compounds.