Biokonversi Limbah Organik Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly sebagai Pakan Ikan Bawal (Colossoma macropomum)

Abstract

Limbah organik dari Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) berpotensi dikonversi menjadi biomassa bernilai ekonomi melalui larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) sekaligus mendukung ekonomi sirkular. Penelitian ini menganalisis biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva BSF sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan bawal (Colossoma macropomum), ditinjau dari proses biokonversi, mutu pakan, performa pertumbuhan ikan, dan biaya produksi dengan metode direct material cost. Biokonversi selama 14 hari menggunakan 50,29 kg limbah MBG menghasilkan efisiensi reduksi limbah 85,88%, waste reduction index 6,13%/hari, dan fresh matter consumption rate 43,75 mg/larva/hari. Pakan formulasi (15% tepung BSF) memenuhi standar SNI 7768:2013 pada kadar air, protein (31,12%), lemak, dan serat kasar, kecuali kadar abu (14,77%) yang sedikit melampaui batas maksimum. Pakan formulasi menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan rasio efisiensi protein nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan pakan komersial, dengan harga pokok produksi Rp17.160/kg. Larva BSF efektif sebagai agen biokonversi dan bahan baku pakan alternatif yang kompetitif secara ekonomi.

Organic waste from the Free Nutritious Meal Program MBG can be converted into valuable biomass through Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, supporting circular economy implementation. This study analyzed the bioconversion of organic waste using BSF larvae as raw material for pacu fish (Colossoma macropomum) feed, examined through the bioconversion process, feed quality, growth performance, and production cost using direct material cost. Bioconversion for 14 days using 50.29 kg of MBG waste produced a waste reduction efficiency of 85.88%, a waste reduction index of 6.13%/day, and a fresh matter consumption rate of 43.75 mg/larva/day. The formulated feed (15% BSF meal) met SNI 7768:2013 standards for moisture, protein (31.12%), fat, and crude fiber, except ash content (14.77%), slightly above the maximum limit. The feed produced significantly higher specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio than commercial feed, at Rp17,160/kg cost. BSF larvae proved effective as a bioconversion agent and competitive alternative feed ingredient.