Produktivitas Pemuatan Kayu Akasia Dan Eukaliptus Pada Lahan Mineral Dan Gambut

Abstract

Pemuatan kayu merupakan tahapan penting dalam pemanenan hutan tanaman industri karena memengaruhi kelancaran seluruh rangkaian kegiatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis teknik, waktu kerja, dan produktivitas pemuatan kayu menggunakan excavator grapple pada lahan mineral dan gambut di HTI PT Arara Abadi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode stopwatch time study berbasis rekaman video pada 30 siklus pemuatan di setiap ekosistem. Rata-rata waktu siklus di lahan mineral sebesar 18,36 menit (efisiensi 90,87%), lebih singkat dibandingkan lahan gambut sebesar 30,71 menit (efisiensi 91,42%). Produktivitas volumetrik di lahan mineral mencapai 109,02 m³/jam, sedangkan di lahan gambut 60,26 m³/jam. Perbedaan tersebut signifikan berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney U (p<0,001; r=0,984). Rendahnya produktivitas di lahan gambut berkaitan dengan lamanya elemen melepas dan merapikan kayu akibat morfologi log Acacia crassicarpa serta rendahnya daya dukung tanah gambut. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar penyusunan target produksi yang lebih realistis sesuai karakteristik ekosistem.

Timber loading is a crucial step in industrial timber plantation harvesting because delays affect the entire process. This study aims to analyze the techniques, working time, and productivity of timber loading using a grapple excavator on mineral and peat lands at PT Arara Abadi Industrial Plantation (HTI), employing a video-based stopwatch time study method with 30 samples per ecosystem. Loading techniques on mineral lands are supported by stable ground footing and faster equipment movement, whereas operations on peatlands require caution due to low soil bearing capacity and a separating canal between the cutting plot and hauling route. The average cycle time on mineral lands was 18.36 minutes (90.87% efficiency), shorter than on peatlands at 30.71 minutes (91.42% efficiency). Volumetric productivity on mineral lands reached 109.02 m³/hour, while on peatlands it was 60.26 m³/hour. The Mann-Whitney U test confirmed this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001, r = 0.984). Low productivity in peatlands is driven by the long duration to release and tidy the wood (11.26 minutes/cycle) due to unstable footing and Acacia crassicarpa log morphology (bent, branched, and wrapped in lianas). These findings assist PT Arara Abadi in establishing more realistic production targets for each ecosystem.