Observasi Pengaruh Infeksi Ganoderma sp. terhadap Hasil Produksi Kelapa Sawit di Teluk Bakau Estate

Abstract

Infeksi Ganoderma sp. merupakan ancaman utama produksi kelapa sawit, terutama pada lahan gambut yang mendukung penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh infeksi Ganoderma sp. terhadap stand per hectare (SPH) dan produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) tahun 2023 dan 2025, serta mengevaluasi status hara daun (N, P, K, Mg, Cu) berdasarkan kondisi tanaman di Teluk Bakau Estate. Korelasi menunjukkan hubungan negatif kuat insidensi dengan SPH (r = -0,808) dan positif kuat SPH dengan produksi (r = 0,826), sedangkan hubungan insidensi dengan produksi lemah dan tidak signifikan. Regresi menegaskan insidensi menurunkan SPH secara nyata (P = 0,015), SPH meningkatkan produksi secara nyata (P = 0,011; 0,026), sedangkan insidensi tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap produksi (P = 0,436; 0,208), menunjukkan pengaruh tidak langsung melalui SPH. Status hara daun menunjukkan N dan P optimum, K dan Mg berlebih, serta Cu cenderung defisien. Hanya Mg berbeda signifikan antar kondisi tanaman (P = 0,002), mengindikasikan gangguan translokasi hara akibat kerusakan xylem dan floem pada tanaman terinfeksi.

Ganoderma sp. infection is a major threat to oil palm productivity, particularly on peatland that favors basal stem rot disease. This study analyzed the effect of Ganoderma sp. infection on stand per hectare (SPH) and fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production in 2023 and 2025, and evaluated leaf nutrient status (N, P, K, Mg, Cu) based on plant condition at Teluk Bakau Estate. Correlation showed a strong negative relationship between incidence and SPH (r = -0.808) and a strong positive relationship between SPH and production (r = 0.826), while the incidence production relationship was weak and non-significant. Regression confirmed that incidence significantly reduced SPH (P = 0.015) and SPH significantly increased production (P = 0.011; 0.026), while incidence had no significant direct effect on production (P = 0.436; 0.208), indicating an indirect effect through SPH. Leaf nutrient status showed optimal N and P, excessive K and Mg, and Cu tending toward deficiency. Only Mg differed significantly among plant conditions (P = 0.002, indicating disrupted nutrient translocation due to xylem and phloem damage in infected plants.