Potensi dan Tantangan Implementasi Perdagangan Karbon di Hutan Rakyat: Studi Kasus Desa Karacak, Kecamatan Leuwiliang

Abstract

Peta Jalan Perdagangan Karbon Sektor Kehutanan membuka peluang strategis implementasi nilai ekonomi karbon pada ekosistem hutan rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi adisionalitas dan nilai ekonomi karbon, menganalisis kesiapan kelembagaan Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) dan persepsi petani, serta merekomendasikan strategi implementasi perdagangan karbon di Desa Karacak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yang diperkaya dengan analisis gap dan fishbone. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei purposive terhadap 30 petani, wawancara, serta Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi adisionalitas karbon bersih dari skenario pengayaan tanaman mencapai 3,48 tCO2e/ha/tahun, dengan estimasi nilai ekonomi Rp19,5–79,8 juta/tahun di tingkat desa. Insentif karbon lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai bonus pelestarian (conservation premium), karena kontribusinya relatif rendah (<2%) dibandingkan pendapatan Multi-Purpose Tree Species (MPTS) eksisting. Kesiapan kelembagaan di tingkat tapak menunjukkan ketimpangan: KTH Wanaraya (75,00%) dan KT Sukatani (69,44%) terkategori cukup siap, sedangkan KTH Jaya Makmur (50,00%) belum siap. Di sisi lain, meskipun indeks tingkat pengetahuan dasar petani tergolong rendah (44,00%), persepsi manfaat (80,83%) dan kesediaan komitmen lahan (77,47%) berada pada kategori tinggi. Strategi yang direkomendasikan mencakup restrukturisasi KTH, pengaksesan hibah Small Grant Programme BPDLH untuk pendanaan awal, serta pembentukan kemitraan dengan pengembang proyek karbon guna mengatasi hambatan teknis penyusunan Dokumen Rancangan Aksi Mitigasi (DRAM) dan biaya transaksi (LVV).

The Forestry Sector Carbon Trading Roadmap opens strategic opportunities for the implementation of the economic value of carbon in community forest ecosystems. This study aims to estimate carbon additionality and its economic value, analyze the institutional readiness of Forest Farmer Groups (KTH) and farmers' perceptions, and formulate carbon trading implementation strategies in Karacak Village. This study used a quantitative descriptive method enriched with gap and fishbone analyses. Data collection was conducted through a purposive survey of 30 farmers, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results show that the potential net carbon additionality from the enrichment planting scenario reaches 3.48 tCO2e/ha/year, with an estimated economic value of IDR 19.5–79.8 million/year at the village level. Because its contribution is relatively low (<2%) compared to the existing Multi-Purpose Tree Species (MPTS) income, the carbon incentive is more appropriately positioned as a conservation premium. Institutional readiness at the site level shows disparities: KTH Wanaraya (75.00%) and KT Sukatani (69.44%) are categorized as Moderately Ready, while KTH Jaya Makmur (50.00%) is Not Ready. On the other hand, although the farmers' basic knowledge index is classified as Low (44.00%), the perception of benefits (80.83%) and willingness for land commitment (77.47%) are in the High category. The recommended strategies include KTH restructuring, accessing the BPDLH Small Grant Programme for initial funding, and establishing partnerships with carbon project developers to overcome technical barriers in preparing the Mitigation Action Design Document (DRAM) and transaction costs (LVV).