Perancangan Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah pada Industri Makanan

Abstract

Industri makanan menghasilkan air limbah dengan kandungan bahan organik, padatan tersuspensi, minyak dan lemak yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan apabila tidak diolah dengan baik. Penelitian bertujuan merancang instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) untuk industri makanan dengan debit 200 m3/hari. Perancangan dilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik air limbah yang meliputi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), minyak dan lemak, serta pH. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kualitas air limbah melebihi baku mutu sehingga diperlukan kombinasi proses pengolahan fisika, kimia, dan biologis. Unit pengolahan yang direncanakan terdiri atas grease trap, equalization tank, koagulasi-flokulasi, dissolved air flotation (DAF), anoxic tank dan aeration tank, secondary clarifier, tertiary clarifier, effluent tank, dan unit pengolahan lumpur. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan, sistem IPAL yang direncanakan mampu menghasilkan efluen yang memenuhi baku mutu air limbah sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 Lampiran VI tentang Baku Mutu Air Nasional.

The food processing industry generates wastewater containing organic matter, suspended solids, oil, and grease that may cause environmental pollution if not properly treated. This study aimed to design a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a food processing industry with a treatment capacity of 200 m³/day. The design was developed based on wastewater characteristics, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), oil and grease, and pH. The analysis results indicated that the wastewater quality exceeded the applicable Discharge standards; therefore, a combination of physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes was required. The proposed treatment units consist of a grease trap, equalization tank, coagulation-flocculation unit, dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit, an anoxic tank, an aeration tank, a secondary clarifier, a tertiary clarifier, an effluent tank, and a sludge treatment unit. Based on the design calculations, the proposed WWTP system is capable of producing effluent that complies with the wastewater quality standards stipulated in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021, Appendix VI, concerning national wastewater quality standards.