Optimasi Desain Topologi Inti Bamboo Sandwich Panel terhadap Kinerja Mekanis, Termal, dan Resistansi Api

Abstract

Bambu hitam (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) berpotensi sebagai material inti panel sandwich karena ringan, kuat, dan terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi topologi inti dan perlakuan boron terhadap kinerja mekanis, termal, dan resistansi api panel sandwich bambu hitam. Panel dibuat dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu tubular tanpa boron, tubular boron 5%, tubular boron 10%, grid boron 10%, dan semisirkular boron 10%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diuji meliputi kerapatan, void ratio, kadar air, retensi boron, tegangan geser inti, tegangan lentur kulit, konduktivitas termal, R-value, kehilangan massa, laju pengarangan, dan waktu kegagalan pembakaran. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh panel tergolong ringan dengan kerapatan 0,211-0,266 g cm?³. Topologi semisirkular 10% menghasilkan kinerja mekanis tertinggi dengan tegangan geser inti 0,704 MPa. Topologi grid 10% memiliki kinerja termal terbaik dengan konduktivitas termal 0,135 W m?¹ K?¹ dan R-value 0,307 m² K W?¹. Ketahanan api terbaik diperoleh pada tubular 10% dengan waktu kegagalan 90,14 menit. Secara keseluruhan, topologi grid 10% direkomendasikan sebagai desain optimum panel sandwich.

Black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) has potential as a sandwich panel core material because it is lightweight, strong, and renewable. This study aimed to analyze the effects of core topology and boron treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and fire resistance performance of black bamboo sandwich panels. The panels were manufactured using five treatments: untreated tubular, tubular with 5% boron, tubular with 10% boron, grid with 10% boron, and semicircular with 10% boron. A completely randomized design with one factor and three replications was used. The observed parameters included density, void ratio, moisture content, boron retention, core shear stress, face bending stress, thermal conductivity, R-value, mass loss, charring rate, and fire failure time. The results showed that all panels were lightweight, with densities of 0.211-0.266 g cm?³. The semicircular 10% treatment produced the highest mechanical performance, with core shear stress of 0.704 MPa. The grid 10% treatment showed the best thermal performance, with thermal conductivity of 0.135 W m?¹ K?¹ and R-value of 0.307 m² K W?¹. The best fire resistance was obtained from the tubular 10% treatment, with a failure time of 90.14 minutes. Overall, the grid 10% topology is recommended as the optimum design of sandwich panel.