Pengaruh Naungan terhadap Efisiensi Fotosintesis dan Kadar Hara Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elasis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Naungan pada fase pembibitan pre nursery kelapa sawit berpotensi memengaruhi iklim mikro dan respon fisiologi pada tanaman, namun informasi terkait hal ini masih terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis respon tanaman terhadap naungan yang ditinjau dari efisiensi fotosintesis dan kadar hara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari hingga Mei 2026 di Kebun Gunung Gede dan Laboratorium Sekolah Vokasi IPB University, menggunakan bibit varietas DxP Simalungun usia 5 minggu dengan perlakuan naungan 60% dan tanpa naungan, (n=10). Hasil pengamatan iklim mikro menunjukkan suhu udara pada naungan lebih rendah dan kelembapan relatif lebih tinggi serta stabil dibandingkan tanpa naungan. Jumlah total stomata dan stomata terbuka berbeda nyata secara statistik pada perlakuan tanpa naungan dibanding dengan naungan. Efisiensi fotosintesis (Fv/Fm) pada naungan lebih tinggi dan optimal dibandingkan tanpa naungan, didukung nilai Fm dan kenaikan fluoresensi J-P yang lebih cepat pada kurva OJIP. Kadar hara N, P, Ca, dan Mg lebih tinggi pada perlakuan tanpa naungan, sedangkan unsur K lebih tinggi pada naungan.

Shading during the pre nursery phase of oil palm has the potential to affect the microclimate and physiological responses in plants, but information related to this is still limited. The study aimed to analyze plant responses to shading in terms of photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient levels. The study was conducted from February to May 2026 at the Gunung Gede Garden and the Vocational School Laboratory of IPB University, using 5-week-old DxP Simalungun variety seedlings with 60% shade and no shade treatments, (n=10). The results of microclimate observations showed that the air temperature in the shade was lower and the relative humidity was higher and stable compared to the no shade treatment. The total number of stomata and open stomata were statistically significantly different in the no shade treatment compared to the shaded treatment. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) in the shade was higher and optimal compared to the no shade treatment, supported by the Fm value and a faster increase in J-P fluorescence on the OJIP curve. Nutrient levels of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher in the no shade treatment, while the K element was higher in the shaded treatment.