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      Penerapan Teknik Sinematografi oleh Director of Photography dalam Pembuatan Film Dokumenter Belajar dari Tanah Adat Baduy

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Sitohang, Shifra Ivana
      Santoso, Hudi
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      Abstract
      Masyarakat Baduy di Desa Kanekes, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten memiliki sistem pendidikan informal yang unik dan masih berlangsung hingga kini, namun jarang diketahui oleh publik secara luas. Tanpa sekolah formal, pengetahuan dan nilai diwariskan melalui kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti anak laki-laki yang belajar berladang bersama ayah dan anak perempuan yang belajar menenun bersama ibu. Kajian akademik yang secara khusus membahas proses kerja Director of Photography (DoP) dalam merepresentasikan realitas masyarakat adat melalui film dokumenter masih sangat terbatas. Proyek ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses kerja DoP dan menguraikan penerapan teknik sinematografi dalam pembuatan film dokumenter “Belajar dari Tanah Adat Baduy”. Proyek ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus pada produksi film dokumenter “Belajar dari Tanah Adat Baduy” yang dilaksanakan di Desa Kanekes, Kecamatan Leuwidamar, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten pada Maret hingga Mei 2026. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung, partisipasi aktif sebagai DoP, wawancara dengan tokoh adat dan masyarakat Baduy, serta studi pustaka. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menghubungkan setiap temuan lapangan pada kategorisasi teknik sinematografi yang digunakan. Proses kerja DoP dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan yang saling berkaitan. Pada tahap pra produksi, DoP melakukan diskusi konsep visual, analisis naskah, survei lokasi, penyusunan storyboard dan shotlist, serta persiapan alat. Pada tahap produksi, DoP melaksanakan pengambilan gambar, perekaman suara, penataan cahaya, pendekatan kepada narasumber, dan pengawasan kameramen. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi antara lain koordinasi tim yang belum optimal, cuaca yang tidak menentu, serta keterbatasan fasilitas berupa ketiadaan listrik konvensional. Pada tahap pasca produksi, DoP mendampingi editor untuk menjaga kesinambungan visual, dilanjutkan dengan screening sebelum film dipublikasikan. Penerapan teknik sinematografi mencakup lima elemen, yaitu camera angle, camera movement, shot size, camera shot framing, dan penataan pencahayaan. Setiap elemen diterapkan berdasarkan kebutuhan naratif tiap adegan dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi lapangan yang berlangsung secara natural dan dinamis. Penataan pencahayaan menggabungkan cahaya alami sebagai sumber utama dan cahaya buatan (front light) berbasis powerbank sebagai respons terhadap keterbatasan infrastruktur energi di kawasan adat. Setiap keputusan teknis yang diambil tidak hanya bersifat estetis, melainkan juga komunikatif dan secara langsung menentukan bagaimana sistem pendidikan informal masyarakat Baduy dapat direpresentasikan secara visual dengan jujur dan autentik kepada penonton.
       
      The Baduy community in Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten, has a unique informal education system that continues to this day, yet is largely unknown to the general public. Without formal schools, knowledge and values are passed down through daily life, for example, boys learn to farm alongside their fathers and girls learn to weave alongside their mothers. Academic studies specifically examining the Director of Photography’s (DoP) process of representing the reality of indigenous communities through documentary films remain very limited. This project aims to describe the DoP’s workflow and analyze the application of cinematographic techniques in the production of the documentary film “Belajar dari Tanah Adat Baduy.” This project employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study of the production of the documentary film “Belajar dari Tanah Adat Baduy,” which took place in Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, Banten, from March to May 2026. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, active participation as a DoP, interviews with traditional leaders and members of the Baduy community, and a literature review. The data obtained was then analyzed descriptively by linking each field finding to the categorization of the cinematographic techniques used. The DoP’s workflow consists of three interrelated stages. During the pre-production stage, the DoP engages in discussions on visual concepts, analyzes the script, conducts location surveys, develops storyboards and shot lists, and prepares equipment. During the production stage, the DoP oversees filming, sound recording, lighting setup, interviews with sources, and supervises the camera operators. The main challenges faced include suboptimal team coordination, unpredictable weather, and limited facilities, such as the lack of conventional electricity. During the post-production phase, the DoP works closely with the editor to ensure visual continuity, followed by a screening before the film is released. The application of cinematographic techniques encompasses five elements: camera angle, camera movement, shot size, shot framing, and lighting design. Each element is applied based on the narrative needs of each scene and adapted to on-site conditions that unfold naturally and dynamically. Lighting design combines natural light as the primary source with artificial light (front light) powered by a power bank, in response to the limited energy infrastructure in the traditional community area. Every technical decision made is not only aesthetic but also communicative and directly determines how the Baduy community’s informal education system can be visually represented honestly and authentically to the audience.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176836
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      • UF - Digital Communication and Media [882]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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