Efektivitas Lama Perendaman Larva dalam Ekstrak Pare Momordica charantia terhadap Proporsi Jantan Benih Ikan Guppy Poecilia reticulata

Abstract

Ikan guppy Poecilia reticulata merupakan ikan hias air tawar bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang banyak diminati. Kendala dalam budidaya ikan guppy adalah rendahnya persentase ikan jantan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan persentase jantan melalui maskulinisasi menggunakan ekstrak pare dengan dosis 5 mL L?¹ dan durasi perendaman berbeda, yaitu 0 jam (kontrol), 4 jam (P1), 8 jam (P2), dan 12 jam (P3). Penelitian dilakukan selama 56 hari menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tingkat kelangsungan hidup, nisbah kelamin jantan, laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase jantan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 12 jam (P3) sebesar 65,75±5,35%, sedangkan terendah pada kontrol sebesar 38,58±1,60%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup selama pemeliharaan berkisar 92,14–95,00%. Kualitas air selama penelitian masih berada pada kisaran baku mutu untuk pemeliharaan ikan guppy.

Guppy fish Poecilia reticulata is a freshwater ornamental fish with high economic value and strong market demand. Low production of male fish remains a major constraint in guppy culture. This study aimed to increase the proportion of male guppies through masculinization using bitter melon Momordica charantia extract at a dose of 5 mL L?¹ with different immersion durations: 0 h (control), 4 h (P1), 8 h (P2), and 12 h (P3). The experiment was conducted for 56 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replicates. Observed parameters included survival rate, male sex ratio, absolute length growth rate, and water quality. The highest percentage of male fish was obtained in the 12 h immersion treatment (P3), reaching 65,75±5,35%, whereas the lowest percentage was recorded in the control treatment at 38,58±1,60%. Survival rate during the rearing period ranged from 92,14% to 95,00%. Water quality remained within the acceptable range for guppy culture throughout the experimental period.