Analisis Fluktuasi Konsentrasi SO2 dan Faktor Meteorologi di Kota Bogor

Abstract

Sulfur dioksida (SO2) merupakan polutan udara hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dan menimbulkan dampak terhadap kesehatan manusia maupun lingkungan. Konsentrasi SO2 di atmosfer dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor baik emisi maupun kondisi meteorologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola fluktuasi konsentrasi SO2 di Kota Bogor serta hubungannya dengan curah hujan, kecepatan angin, arah angin, dan kelembapan udara menggunakan data beresolusi per menit sepanjang tahun 2024 dari CCROM-SEAP. Analisis dilakukan secara diurnal, harian, dan bulanan, dilengkapi uji korelasi dan regresi pada bulan-bulan representatif yang mewakili setiap musim. Hasil menunjukkan konsentrasi SO2 mencapai puncak diurnal pukul 14.00 sebesar 2,84 µg/m³ dan puncak bulanan pada November sebesar 4,07 µg/m³, dengan seluruh nilai masih di bawah Baku Mutu Udara Ambien nasional. Curah hujan khususnya intensitas hujan menjadi faktor paling dominan, ditandai hubungan negatif konsisten dengan koefisien determinasi 0,78. Arah angin berperan dalam menentukan pola transportasi dan akumulasi SO2 di atmosfer, kelembapan udara menunjukkan hubungan negatif secara diurnal, sedangkan kecepatan angin memberikan pengaruh yang paling lemah dan tidak konsisten.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an air pollutant resulting from fossil fuel combustion and poses adverse effects on both human health and the environment. Atmospheric SO2 concentrations are influenced by various factors, including emission sources and meteorological conditions. This study aims to analyze the fluctuation patterns of SO2 concentrations in Bogor City and their relationship with rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, and air humidity, using minute-resolution data throughout 2024 obtained from CCROM-SEAP. The analysis was conducted at diurnal, daily, and monthly scales, complemented by correlation and regression tests for representative months corresponding to each season. The results indicate that SO2 concentrations reached a diurnal peak at 14:00 with a value of 2.84 µg/m³ and a monthly peak in November of 4.07 µg/m³, with all values remaining below the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Rainfall, particularly rainfall intensity, was identified as the most dominant factor, exhibiting a consistent negative relationship with a coefficient of determination of 0.78. Wind direction played a role in determining the transport and accumulation patterns of SO2 in the atmosphere, air humidity showed a negative relationship on a diurnal basis, while wind speed exerted the weakest and least consistent influence.