KUALITAS KASGOT SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK DENGAN SUMBER SUBSTRAT YANG BERBEDA

Abstract

Kasgot (bekas maggot) merupakan residu biokonversi larva Hermetia illucens yang berpotensi sebagai pupuk organik hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik biologi (total mikrob, total fungi, bakteri pelarut fosfat/BPF, Azotobacter, dan bakteri pelarut kalium/BPK) dan kimia (pH, C-organik, N-total, P-total, K-total, dan rasio C/N) kasgot dari lima jenis substrat organik, serta menentukan substrat terbaik yang menghasilkan kasgot paling optimal sebagai kandidat pupuk organik hayati. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan lima perlakuan substrat, yaitu pur ternak (P), buah-buahan (B), kotoran sapi (KS), kotoran ayam (KA), dan nasi (N), masing-masing tiga ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA satu arah dan uji Tukey (a=0,05). Hasil menunjukkan jenis substrat berpengaruh nyata terhadap rasio C/N, N-total, P-total, K-total, dan populasi BPK, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH, C-organik, total mikrob, total fungi, BPF, dan Azotobacter. Seluruh perlakuan memenuhi standar pH (5,7–6,9) dan C-organik (48,75–54,43%) sesuai Kepmentan No. 261/2019. Kasgot dari substrat buah-buahan dan pur ternak dinilai paling optimal sebagai pupuk organik hayati dengan rasio C/N memenuhi standar (=25), N-total tertinggi (=2,60%), dan K-total tertinggi (=3,28%). Kasgot dari substrat nasi menunjukkan keunggulan spesifik berupa P-total tertinggi (4,50%) dan populasi BPK tertinggi (77,73 × 104 CFU g?¹).

Frass (black soldier fly residue) is a bioconversion byproduct of Hermetia illucens larvae with high potential as an organic biofertilizer. This study aimed to analyze the biological characteristics (total microbes, total fungi, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria/PSB, Azotobacter, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria/KSB) and chemical properties (pH, organic-C, total-N, total-P, total-K, and C/N ratio) of frass derived from five organic substrates, and to determine the optimal substrate for producing the highest-quality frass as a biofertilizer candidate. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five substrate treatments: animal feed pellet (P), fruit waste (B), cow manure (KS), poultry manure (KA), and cooked rice (N), each replicated three times. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (a=0.05). Results showed that substrate type significantly affected C/N ratio, total-N, total-P, total-K, and KSB population, but did not significantly affect pH, organic-C, total microbes, total fungi, PSB, and Azotobacter. All treatments met the pH standard (5.7–6.9) and organic-C standard (48.75–54.43%) according to Kepmentan No. 261/2019. Frass from fruit waste and animal feed pellet substrates were identified as the most optimal biofertilizer candidates, exhibiting C/N ratios within the standard (=25), the highest total-N (=2.60%), and the highest total-K (=3.28%). Frass from the cooked rice substrate demonstrated specific advantages, including the highest total-P (4.50%) and the highest KSB population (77.73 × 104 CFU g?¹).