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      Hubungan El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) terhadap Produktivitas Ubi Jalar di Provinsi Jawa Barat

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      AGUSTIN, VIOLA NIKI
      Sugiarto, Yon
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      Abstract
      El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) merupakan fenomena iklim yang memengaruhi variabilitas curah hujan di Indonesia dan berpotensi memengaruhi produktivitas ubi jalar di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh fase dan intensitas ENSO terhadap anomali curah hujan serta produktivitas ubi jalar di Jawa Barat selama periode 1994–2023. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan indeks Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), data curah hujan CHIRPS yang divalidasi dengan data BMKG, serta data produktivitas ubi jalar dari Kementerian Pertanian melalui analisis komposit, perhitungan anomali, dan analisis spasial. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa El Niño secara konsisten menyebabkan defisit curah hujan, sedangkan La Niña menghasilkan surplus curah hujan dengan dampak yang semakin besar pada intensitas kuat. Produktivitas ubi jalar menunjukkan tren peningkatan dari sekitar 60–70 kuintal/ha pada awal periode menjadi 228 kuintal/ha pada tahun 2022, namun tetap mengalami fluktuasi yang berkaitan dengan variabilitas ENSO. Respons produktivitas bersifat heterogen secara spasial, dengan wilayah utara-timur cenderung menunjukkan anomali produktivitas positif, sedangkan wilayah selatan lebih rentan terhadap anomali negatif. Selain itu, wilayah sentra produksi seperti Kabupaten Kuningan menunjukkan ketahanan yang lebih baik dibandingkan wilayah non-sentra seperti Kabupaten Sukabumi.
       
      El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate phenomenon that influences rainfall variability in Indonesia and may affect sweet potato productivity in West Java Province. This study aimed to analyze the effects of ENSO phases and intensities on rainfall anomalies and sweet potato productivity in West Java during 1994-2023. The analysis was conducted using the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), CHIRPS rainfall data validated against BMKG observations, and sweet potato productivity data from the Ministry of Agriculture through composite analysis, anomaly calculation, and spatial analysis. The results showed that El Niño consistently caused rainfall deficits, whereas La Niña increased rainfall, with stronger impacts during strong-intensity events. Sweet potato productivity exhibited a long-term increasing trend from approximately 60-70 quintals ha-¹ at the beginning of the study period to 228 quintals ha-¹ in 2022, although it fluctuated in response to ENSO variability. Productivity responses were spatially heterogeneous, with the northern and eastern regions generally showing positive productivity anomalies, while the southern regions were more vulnerable to negative anomalies. Furthermore, major production areas such as Kuningan Regency exhibited greater resilience to ENSO variability than non-production areas such as Sukabumi Regency.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176313
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      • UF - Geophysics and Meteorology [1824]

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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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