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      Pemodelan Produktivitas Cabai Merah Besar terhadap Variabilitas ENSO di Kabupaten Bandung

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Hikmat, Amanda Putriza Nurrahma
      Sugiarto, Yon
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      Abstract
      Cabai merah besar merupakan komoditas hortikultura utama di Kabupaten Bandung yang produktivitasnya rentan terhadap variabilitas iklim yang disebabkan oleh fenomena ENSO (El Niño-southern oscillation). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh fase ENSO (El Niño, La Niña, dan netral) terhadap iklim dan produktivitas cabai merah besar menggunakan model simulasi pertanian yang meliputi submodel pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan neraca air. Model dibangun dari data iklim Kabupaten Bandung tahun 2013 (netral), 2015 (El Niño), dan 2022 (La Niña), lalu dikalibrasi dan divalidasi terhadap data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan produktivitas tertinggi pada fase El Niño (27,65 ton/ha), diikuti La Niña (26,54 ton/ha), dan terendah pada fase netral (24,32 ton/ha), dengan akurasi model tergolong baik (MAPE 13,30%). Fase El Niño memiliki kebutuhan air tertinggi namun tetap disertai ketersediaan air yang optimal sepanjang musim tanam, sehingga menghasilkan akumulasi biomassa tertinggi meskipun durasi pertumbuhannya lebih singkat, sedangkan fase La Niña memiliki durasi pertumbuhan lebih panjang namun tidak diiringi ketersediaan air yang lebih baik. Perbedaan curah hujan, radiasi, dan suhu antar fase ENSO memengaruhi pola kebutuhan air dan akumulasi biomassa, sehingga berimplikasi pada perbedaan produktivitas cabai merah besar.
       
      Large red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a major horticultural commodity in Bandung Regency whose productivity is vulnerable to climate variability caused by the El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. This study aims to analyze the influence of ENSO phases (El Niño, La Niña, and Neutral) on climate and the productivity of large red chili using an agricultural simulation model comprising phenology, growth, and water balance submodels. The model was built using climate data from Bandung Regency for the years 2013 (Neutral), 2015 (El Niño), and 2022 (La Niña), then calibrated and validated against data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of West Java Province. The simulation results showed the highest productivity during the El Niño phase (27,65 tons/ha), followed by La Niña (26,54 tons/ha), and the lowest during the Neutral phase (24,32 tons/ha), with the model achieving good accuracy (MAPE 13,30%). The El Niño phase exhibited the highest crop water requirement yet was accompanied by optimal water availability throughout the growing season, resulting in the highest biomass accumulation despite a shorter growth duration, whereas the La Niña phase had a longer growth duration but was not accompanied by better water availability. Differences in rainfall, radiation, and temperature among ENSO phases influenced water requirement patterns and biomass accumulation, thereby affecting differences in the productivity of large red chili.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176311
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      • UF - Geophysics and Meteorology [1824]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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