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      KLASIFIKASI WILAYAH PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN MUTU UDARA (WPPMU) JABODETABEK BERBASIS INDEKS BIOFISIK, PM2.5, DAN FAKTOR METEOROLOGI

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Yuniarti, Nisa Rizka
      Turyanti, Ana
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      Abstract
      Batas Wilayah Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Mutu Udara (WPPMU) di Jabodetabek belum ditetapkan resmi, meskipun PP Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 membagi WPPMU menjadi tiga kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengklasifikasikan WPPMU di Jabodetabek, menganalisis karakteristik tiap kelas, serta menguji hubungan PM2.5 dengan faktor meteorologi antarkelas selama periode 2022–2023. Klasifikasi dilakukan pada 13 kabupaten/kota di Jabodetabek menggunakan parameter indeks vegetasi (NDVI) dan indeks keterbangunan (NDBI) dari citra Landsat 8/9, konsentrasi PM2.5, serta variabel meteorologi dari data GEOS-CF periode 2022–2023. Variabel dibobot menggunakan Entropy Weight Method dan dikelompokkan melalui K-Means clustering, menghasilkan Kabupaten Bogor Kelas I, Kota Bogor, Kabupaten Tangerang, dan Kabupaten Bekasi Kelas II, serta sembilan wilayah Kelas III (Silhouette Score 0,4381, Davies-Bouldin Index 0,5741). NDVI menjadi variabel menentukan dengan bobot 58,8%, melebihi bobot konsentrasi PM2.5 dan NDBI. Suhu, kelembapan, dan tinggi lapisan batas atmosfer berbeda antarkelas, sedangkan angin zonal berkorelasi dengan PM2.5. Kruskal-Wallis mengonfirmasi perbedaan PM2.5 antarkelas (p<0,05). Analisis kecamatan menunjukkan variasi kelas, dengan Bogor 57,5% Kelas I, 30,0% Kelas II, 12,5% Kelas III, Tangerang 48,3% Kelas I, 34,5% Kelas II, 17,2% Kelas III, dan Bekasi 56,5% Kelas I, 39,1% Kelas II, 4,3% Kelas III. PM2.5 melampaui baku mutu Permen LH/BPLH Nomor 5 Tahun 2026 pada keempat skenario koreksi bias.
       
      The boundaries of Air Quality Protection and Management Areas (WPPMU) in Jabodetabek remain unestablished, though Government Regulation No. 22/2021 divides WPPMU into three classes. This study classifies WPPMU, analyzes each class's characteristics, and examines the relationship between PM2.5 and meteorological factors across classes during 2022–2023. Classification covered 13 regencies/cities in Jabodetabek using vegetation index (NDVI) and built-up index (NDBI) from Landsat 8/9 imagery, PM2.5 concentrations, and meteorological variables from GEOS-CF for 2022–2023. Variables were weighted using Entropy Weight Method and grouped through K-Means clustering, with Bogor Regency as Class I, Bogor City, Tangerang, and Bekasi Regencies as Class II, and nine remaining regions as Class III (Silhouette Score 0,4381, Davies-Bouldin Index 0,5741). NDVI was the determining variable, weighted 58,8%, exceeding PM2.5 concentration and NDBI. Air temperature, relative humidity, and planetary boundary layer height differed across classes, while zonal wind correlated with PM2.5. Kruskal-Wallis confirmed differences in PM2.5 between classes (p<0,05). District-level analysis showed class variation, with Bogor 57,5% Class I, 30,0% Class II, 12,5% Class III, Tangerang 48,3% Class I, 34,5% Class II, 17,2% Class III, and Bekasi 56,5% Class I, 39,1% Class II, 4,3% Class III. PM2.5 exceeded Permen LH/BPLH No. 5/2026 standards under four bias-correction scenarios.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176297
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      • UF - Geophysics and Meteorology [1824]

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