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      Pemodelan Dan Estimasi Ambang Batas Banjir Menggunakan HEC-RAS 2D di Sub-DAS Cikalumpang

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      nagita, Najwa Putri
      Dasanto, Bambang Dwi
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      Abstract
      Banjir yang kerap terjadi di Sub-DAS Cikalumpang semakin diperparah oleh sedimentasi sungai, tingginya intensitas curah hujan, serta efek backwater dari Rawa Danau, sementara model genangan banjir terpadu dan sistem ambang batas berbasis curah hujan untuk kawasan ini belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan genangan banjir sekaligus menentukan ambang batas banjir sebagai fondasi sistem peringatan dini melalui integrasi HEC-RAS 2D dengan SIG, dengan memanfaatkan data DEMNAS, Esri Land Cover, serta data curah hujan CHIRPS dan debit selama 25 tahun (2000–2024). Debit periode ulang dihitung menggunakan distribusi Gamma, disimulasikan dalam HEC-RAS 2D, dan divalidasi terhadap citra Sentinel-1, sedangkan ambang batas banjir ditetapkan melalui pendekatan Indeks Presipitasi Anteseden (API). Hasil analisis menunjukkan debit periode ulang berkisar antara 2,17 m³/detik (Qt2) hingga 7,41 m³/detik (Qt100), dengan luas genangan meluas dari 5,22 ha hingga 17,35 ha. Pola genangan cenderung meluas ke arah hilir, dan Desa Kalumpang tercatat sebagai wilayah dengan pertambahan genangan terbesar akibat topografi yang relatif datar, kepadatan permukiman tinggi, serta pengaruh backwater dari Rawa Danau. Validasi model terhadap citra Sentinel-1 menghasilkan indeks kesesuaian sebesar 64,4%, yang mengindikasikan tingkat kecocokan sedang. Analisis ambang batas menghasilkan nilai ambang batas bawah 1 mm/hari dan ambang batas atas 58,1 mm/hari, yang disusun menjadi sistem peringatan dini empat tingkat. Penerapan sistem ini direkomendasikan secara operasional kepada BBWS Cidanau-Ciujung Cidurian dan BPBD Kabupaten Serang, didukung data DEM beresolusi lebih tinggi serta mitigasi struktural berupa normalisasi sungai.
       
      Recurring floods in the Cikalumpang Sub-Watershed are exacerbated by river sedimentation, high rainfall intensity, and the backwater effect from Rawa Danau, yet an integrated flood inundation model and rainfall-based threshold system are still unavailable. This study aimed to model flood inundation and estimate flood thresholds as a basis for an early warning system by integrating HEC-RAS 2D with GIS, using DEMNAS, Esri Land Cover, and 25 years (2000 2024) of CHIRPS rainfall and discharge data. Return period discharges were calculated using the Gamma distribution, simulated in HEC-RAS 2D, and validated against Sentinel-1 imagery, while flood thresholds were determined using the Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) approach. Results showed that return period discharges ranged from 2,17 m³/s (Qt2) to 7,41 m³/s (Qt100), with inundated areas expanding from 5,22 ha to 17,35 ha. Inundation spread predominantly toward the downstream area, with Kalumpang Village experiencing the largest increase due to flat topography, dense settlements, and the backwater effect from Rawa Danau. Model validation against Sentinel-1 imagery yielded a fit index of 64,4%, indicating moderate agreement. Flood threshold analysis established a lower threshold of 1 mm/day and an upper threshold of 58.1 mm/day, which were combined into a four-level early warning system. The threshold system is recommended for operational use by BBWS Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian and BPBD Serang Regency, supported by higher-resolution DEM and structural mitigation such as river normalization.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176288
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