Penilaian Tingkat Potensi Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Desa Gambut Jaya, Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Faktor Sosial

Abstract

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) merupakan ancaman serius di Provinsi Jambi. Kondisi ini semakin diperparah oleh karakteristik ekosistem gambut yang sangat rentan terbakar saat kemarau, sehingga mitigasi berbasis masyarakat menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat potensi karhutla di Desa Gambut Jaya berdasarkan faktor sosial masyarakat. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 90 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Mayoritas responden (72,22%) berprofesi sebagai petani kelapa sawit yang mengelola lahan secara langsung. Analisis data menggunakan metode skoring skala Likert dan uji statistik Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesadaran mitigasi masyarakat tergolong sangat baik, ditunjukkan oleh dominasi kategori "Tinggi" pada variabel pengetahuan (56,7%) serta sikap dan perilaku (73,3%). Namun, tingginya ketergantungan lahan (58,9%), keterbatasan pendapatan (63,3%), dan minimnya aksesibilitas infrastruktur kebencanaan (80%) menyebabkan tingkat potensi karhutla secara keseluruhan masih berada pada level "Sedang" (55,6%). Uji Chi-Square mengonfirmasi bahwa kelima variabel sosial tersebut memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p-value < 0,05) terhadap tingkat potensi karhutla. Tingginya kapasitas kognitif dan kepedulian warga dalam mencegah karhutla belum sepenuhnya didukung oleh kapasitas finansial dan fasilitas fisik yang memadai. Pemerintah daerah disarankan untuk memprioritaskan pembangunan posko kebencanaan desa dan memberikan bantuan sarana alat pertanian tanpa bakar.

Forest and land fires are a serious threat in Jambi Province. This condition is further exacerbated by the characteristics of peat ecosystems that are highly susceptible to fire during the dry season, making community-based mitigation very important. This study aims to assess the level of potential for forest and land fires in Gambut Jaya Village based on community social factors. Primary data collection was conducted through interviews using questionnaires with 90 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The majority of respondents (72,22%) are oil palm farmers who manage the land directly. Data analysis used the Likert scale scoring method and the Chi-Square statistical test. The results show that the level of community mitigation awareness is classified as very good, indicated by the dominance of the "High" category in the knowledge variable (56.7%) and attitudes and behavior (73.3%). However, high land dependence (58.9%), limited income (63.3%), and minimal accessibility of disaster infrastructure (80%) cause the overall level of forest and land fire potential to remain at the "Medium" level (55.6%). A chi-square test confirmed that the five social variables had a significant relationship (p-value <0.05) with the potential for forest and land fires. In conclusion, the high cognitive capacity and public awareness of forest and land fire prevention are not fully supported by adequate financial capacity and physical facilities. Local governments are advised to prioritize the development of village disaster posts and provide assistance with no-burn agricultural equipment.