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dc.contributor.advisorArtika, I Made
dc.contributor.advisorPratama, Rahadian
dc.contributor.advisorSafari, Dodi
dc.contributor.authorWahid, Ghina Athyah
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-29T08:13:03Z
dc.date.available2026-07-29T08:13:03Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176174
dc.description.abstractPenyakit pneumokokus invasif seperti pneumonia, bakteremia, dan sepsis disebabkan oleh Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen yang berkolonisasi di saluran nasofaring. Kehadiran bakteri ini dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan mikrobiota dan menekan komunitas bakteri komensal lainnya di nasofaring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman mikrobiota nasofaring pada anak-anak di Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini, sebanyak 290 spesimen swab nasofaring dikumpulkan dari kelompok anak-anak usia kurang dari lima tahun dari Kecamatan Alas, Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Prevalensi S. pneumoniae ditentukan dengan kultur bakteri dan keanekaragaman mikrobiota ditentukan dengan sekuensing fragmen gen 16S rRNA dari spesimen swab nasofaring menggunakan platform Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, prevalensi kolonisasi S. pneumoniae sebesar 50,7% (147/290). Prevalensi pembawa (carriage) tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok usia 13-24 bulan (62,7%), kelompok etnis Suku Bajo (56,7%), sementara Suku Sasak (46,6%), serta rumah tangga dengan jumlah anggota rumah tangga > 7 (53,8%). Berdasarkan analisis keanekaragaman alfa, nilai richness spesimen berkisar antara 26-471, indeks keanekaragaman Shannon antara 0,32-3,4 dan in-deks Simpson (D) antara 0,09-0,93. Nilai median richness tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok spesimen dengan kelimpahan bakteri rendah (n = 17), yaitu sebesar 147,00. Sebaliknya, kelompok spesimen dengan kelimpahan bakteri tinggi (n = 18) menunjukkan nilai median richness terendah, yaitu sebesar 86,00. Indeks Shannon tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok kelimpahan sedang sebesar 3,00 (n=18), se-mentara nilai median terendah sebesar 1,23 pada kelompok kelimpahan tinggi. Nilai median indeks Simpson (D) tertinggi berada pada kelompok kelimpahan se-dang (0,90) dan nilai terendah berada pada kelompok kelimpahan tinggi (0,54). Analisis profil mikrobiota sekuensing gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dengan kelimpahan S. pneumoniae tinggi (>25%) didominasi oleh bak-teri S. pneumoniae. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjadinya penekanan terhadap bakteri komensal di nasofaring. Sementara itu, kelompok dengan kelimpahan sedang (5-25%) menunjukkan struktur komunitas bakteri yang lebih beragam dengan kemer-ataan yang tinggi. Sebaliknya, kelompok dengan kelimpahan rendah (<5%) mem-iliki profil mikrobiota yang beragam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tingginya kolonisasi S. pneumoniae berasosiasi dengan penurunan keanekaragaman serta pe-rubahan struktur komunitas mikrobiota nasofaring pada anak-anak.
dc.description.abstractInvasive pneumococcal diseases such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the pathogenic bacteria that colonizes in the nasopharyngeal tract. The presence of these bacteria can affect the balance of the microbiota and suppress other commensal bacterial communities in the nasopharynx. This study aims to analyze the diversity of naso-pharyngeal microbiota in children in Indonesia. In this study, as many as 290 naso-pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from a group of children under five years old from Alas District, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae was determined by bacterial culture, and microbiota diversity was de-termined by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments from nasopharyngeal swab specimens using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. The results showed that the prevalence of S. pneumoniae colonization was 50,7% (147/290). The highest prevalence of carriers (carriages) was found in the age group of 13-24 months (62,7%), the Bajo ethnic group (56,7%), while the Sasak tribe (46,6%), and households with a number of household members > 7 (53,8%). Based on the alpha diversity analysis, the richness value of the specimens ranged from 26-471, the Shannon diversity index between 0,32-3,4 and the Simpson index (D) between 0,09-0,93. The highest median richness value was found in the group of specimens with low bacterial abundance (n = 17), which was 147,00. In contrast, the group of specimens with high bacterial abundance (n = 18) showed the lowest median richness value, which was 86,00. The highest Shannon index was found in the moderate abundance group of 3,00 (n=18), while the lowest median value was 1,23 in the high abundance group. The median value of the Simpson index (D) was highest in the medium abundance group (0,90) and the lowest value was in the high abundance group (0,54). Microbiota profile analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the group with high abundance of S. pneumoniae (>25%) was dominated by S. pneu-moniae bacteria. This indicates an emphasis on commensal bacteria in the naso-pharynx. Meanwhile, the group with moderate abundance (5-25%) showed a more diverse bacterial community structure with high evenness. In contrast, the group with low abundance (<5%) had a diverse microbiota profile. This study concluded that high colonization of S. pneumoniae is associated with a decrease in diversity and changes in the structure of the nasopharyngeal microbiota community in chil-dren.
dc.description.sponsorshipBRIN
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.subject.ddcBiochemistryid
dc.subject.ddcBacteriologyid
dc.titlePrevalensi Kolonisasi Streptococcus pneumoniae dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keragaman Mikrobiota pada Nasofaring Anak-Anakid
dc.title.alternativePrevalence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Colonization and Its Effect on Microbiota Diversity in Children's Nasopharynx
dc.typeTesis
dc.subject.keywordmikrobiota nasofaringid
dc.subject.keywordStreptococcus pneumoniaeid
dc.subject.keyword16S rRNA gene sequencingid
dc.subtypeTheses


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