Inventarisasi Nematoda Polong Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) di Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) merupakan tanaman legum dari famili Fabaceae yang secara luas dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Nematoda parasit tumbuhan (fitonematoda) merupakan salah satu patogen yang menjadi pembatas dalam budi daya tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian tentang fitonematoda kacang tanah di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi nematoda pada polong kacang tanah asal pasar tradisional di Bogor. Sampel polong bergejala penyakit dipilih secara purposif dari satu kios pada masing-masing lima pasar tradisional. Cangkang dan biji polong kacang tanah dipisahkan, masing-masing sebanyak 10 g, kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan metode pengabutan selama 72 jam. Nematoda dihitung dan diidentifikasi secara morfologi hingga tingkat genus. Gejala penyakit yang diamati meliputi bintik-bintik kehitaman yang disertai malformasi dan perubahan warna, serta abnormalitas pada bentuk biji, memudarnya corak alami, dan bercak gelap. Empat genus fitonematoda yang diidentifikasi, yaitu Aphelenchoides, Criconemella, Meloidogyne, dan Pratylenchus. Aphelenchoides memiliki rata-rata jumlah individu tertinggi, yaitu 6,4 individu per 10 g sampel, akan tetapi spesiesnya belum dapat ditentukan. Tujuh genus nematoda nonparasit yang ditemukan antara lain Anatonchus, Cryptonchus, Dorylaimus, Ironus, Plectus, Prismatolaimus, dan Tripyla. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan data awal mengenai komposisi nematoda yang berasosiasi dengan polong kacang tanah asal pasar tradisional di Bogor.

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are leguminous plants of the Fabaceae family that are widely cultivated in Indonesia. Plant-parasitic nematodes (phytonematodes) are one of the limiting pathogens in peanut cultivation. Research on peanut phytonematodes in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to inventory the nematodes in peanut pods sampled from traditional markets in Bogor. Samples of pods showing disease symptoms were purposely selected from one stall at each of the five traditional markets. The peanut hull and seeds were separated, 10 g of each, and then extracted using the mist chamber method for 72 hours. Nematodes were counted and identified morphologically to the genus level. Symptoms of the disease observed were black spots accompanied by malformations and color changes, as well as abnormalities in seed shape, fading of natural patterns, and dark spots. Four genera of phytonematodes were identified, namely Aphelenchoides, Criconemella, Meloidogyne, and Pratylenchus. Aphelenchoides had the highest average number of individuals, at 6,4 individuals per 10 g of sample, however, the species has not yet been identified. Seven genera of nonparasitic nematodes found were Anatonchus, Cryptonchus, Dorylaimus, Ironus, Plectus, Prismatolaimus, and Tripyla. The results of this study provide preliminary data on the composition of nematodes associated with peanut pods obtained from traditional markets in Bogor.