Analisis Spatio Temporal Urban Heat Island Intensity di Jabodetabek

Abstract

Urban Heat Island (UHI) merupakan fenomena ketika suhu di kawasan perkotaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan wilayah sekitarnya, dipicu oleh urbanisasi masif yang mengonversi lahan bervegetasi menjadi lahan terbangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) serta hubungannya dengan perubahan tutupan lahan di Jabodetabek menggunakan pendekatan time series (2015 – 2025). Data citra Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS diolah menggunakan QGIS dan Google Earth Engine melalui analisis LST, NDVI, klasifikasi tutupan lahan berbasis Random Forest, dan analisis UHII. Hasil menunjukkan UHII Jabodetabek berfluktuasi sebesar 0,38 °C (2015), 0,43 °C (2020), dan 0,34 °C (2025), seluruhnya tergolong very strong heat island. Temuan menarik menunjukkan bahwa penurunan UHII pada 2025 bukan mencerminkan perbaikan iklim mikro, melainkan akibat thermal saturation effect yang menyebabkan vegetasi kehilangan efektivitasnya sebagai cool island yang mendorong seluruh kawasan Jabodetabek bergerak menuju homogenitas termal.

Kata kunci: Jabodetabek, perubahan tutupan lahan, suhu permukaan lahan, UHII

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon where temperatures in urban areas are higher than in surrounding regions, driven by massive urbanization that converts vegetated land into built-up areas. This study aims to analyze Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) and its relationship with land cover change in Jabodetabek using a time-series approach (2015 – 2025). Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery was processed using QGIS and Google Earth Engine through LST analysis, NDVI, Random Forest based land cover classification, and UHII analysis. Results show that Jabodetabek's UHII fluctuated at 0.38 °C (2015), 0.43 °C (2020), and 0.34 °C (2025), all classified as very strong heat island. A notable finding reveals that the decline in UHII in 2025 does not reflect an improvement in microclimate, but rather a thermal saturation effect causing vegetation to lose its effectiveness as a cool island driving the entire Jabodetabek region toward thermal homogeneity.

Keywords: Jabodetabek, land cover change, land surface temperature, UHII.