Life Cycle Assessment Kegiatan Operasional di PT Indonesia Kendaraan Terminal Tbk

Abstract

Peningkatan aktivitas operasional terminal kendaraan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak lingkungan akibat konsumsi energi, penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, serta timbulan emisi dan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi aktivitas yang menjadi sumber dampak lingkungan terbesar, menganalisis besarnya dampak lingkungan, serta menyusun rekomendasi perbaikan pengelolaan lingkungan pada kegiatan operasional di PT Indonesia Kendaraan Terminal Tbk. Metode yang digunakan adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) berdasarkan ISO 14040 dan ISO 14044 dengan batas sistem gate to gate. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SimaPro dengan metode Centre of Environmental Science of Leiden University Impact Assessment Baseline dan Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). Data yang digunakan meliputi konsumsi energi, bahan bakar, air, material pendukung, emisi, dan limbah dari aktivitas administrasi, kedatangan kendaraan, kegiatan bengkel meliputi inspeksi kendaraan dan perbaikan kendaraan, pemindahan kendaraan, serta loading unloading kapal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas loading unloading kapal dan pemindahan kendaraan menjadi hotspot utama penyumbang dampak lingkungan. Nilai dampak yang diperoleh meliputi Global Warming Potential (GWP) sebesar 1,33x107 kg CO2. Selain itu, diperoleh dampak Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) sebesar 2,38 kg CFC-11-eq, Acidification Potential (AP) sebesar 1,35x106 Kg SO2 eq, Eutrophication Potential (EP) sebesar 3,21x105 kg PO4³?eq, dan Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) non renewable, fossil sebesar 2,11x108. Rekomendasi perbaikan pengelolaan lingkungan melalui tata kelola operasional kendaraan (vehicle traffic management) dan optimalisasi layout terminal. Penerapan vehicle traffic management dilakukan dengan cara pengaturan pola pergerakan kendaraan agar jarak tempuh di dalam terminal menjadi lebih efisien. Mekanisme penurunan dampak lingkungan terjadi karena berkurangnya jarak tempuh akan menurunkan waktu operasi mesin dan konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan.

The increase in operational activities of vehicle terminals has the potential to cause environmental impacts due to energy consumption, use of fossil fuels, and the generation of emissions and waste. This study aims to identify activities that are the source of the largest environmental impact, analyze the magnitude of the environmental impact, and compile recommendations for improving environmental management in operational activities at PT Indonesia Kendaraan Terminal Tbk. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 with gate-to-gate system limits. The analysis was carried out using SimaPro software with the CML-IA Baseline and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) methods. The data used include consumption of energy, fuel, water, supporting materials, emissions, and waste from administrative activities, vehicle arrivals, vehicle inspections, vehicle transfers, vehicle repairs, and ship loading-unloading. The results of the study indicate that ship loading and unloading activities and vehicle transfer are the main hotspots contributing to environmental impacts. The impact value obtained includes Global Warming Potential (GWP) was 1,33x107 kg CO2. In addition, the impact Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of 2,38 kg CFC-11 eq, Acidification Potential (AP) of 1,35x106 Kg SO2 eq, Eutrophication Potential (EP) of 3,21x105 kg PO4³?eq, and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) non renewable, fossil of 2,11x108. Recommendations for improving environmental management include vehicle traffic management and optimizing terminal layouts. Vehicle traffic management is implemented by regulating vehicle movement patterns to increase the efficiency of travel within the terminal. This reduction in environmental impact occurs because reduced travel time leads to reduced engine operating time and vehicle fuel consumption.