Deteksi Nematoda pada Umbi Kentang Asal Pasar Bogor dan Survei Nematoda Sista Kentang di Dieng.

Abstract

Nematoda merupakan salah satu patogen yang dapat menginfeksi tanaman kentang. Fitonematoda dapat merugikan hingga di atas 70% produksi kentang per tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi nematoda parasit yang terdapat pada umbi kentang konsumsi asal pasar, mengamati gejala, tanda, insidensi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nematoda sista kentang (NSK), dan jumlah sista nematoda pada petak pertanaman kentang tiga Desa di Dieng. Penelitian menggunakan metode ekstraksi nematoda dan diamati secara morfologi. Proses ekstraksi umbi kentang dan tanah dilakukan dengan metode mist chamber, corong Baermann, dan sentrifugasi. Sampel umbi diambil dari lima pasar di Kabupaten Bogor dan sampel tanaman kentang bergejala NSK diperoleh dari tiga desa (Desa Jojogan, Patakbanteng, dan Parikesit) di Dieng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ditemukan nematoda pada umbi kentang konsumsi yang dijual pada pasar tradisional di Kabupaten Bogor, sedangkan sampel kentang asal kebun kentang Dieng menunjukan adanya gejala nematoda sista dan tanda penyakit berupa sista di perakaran kentang. Insidensi penyakit sista di Desa Jojogan 10,75% sampai 16,67%, dengan populasi nematoda 16 hingga 70 ekor/tanaman, sedangkan di Desa Patakbanteng insidensi penyakit sebesar 5% dengan populasi sebesar 4 hingga 13 ekor/tanaman, dan insidensi penyakit di Desa Parikesit 41% sampai 55%, dengan populasi sista 5 hingga 36 ekor/tanaman.

Nematodes are among the pathogens that can infect potato plants. Plant-parasitic nematodes can cause annual potato production losses exceeding 70%. This study aimed to detect and identify parasitic nematodes in table potatoes from markets and to observe symptoms, signs, and disease incidence caused by potato cyst nematodes (PCN), as well as nematode cyst counts, in potato fields across three villages in Dieng. The study employed nematode extraction methods followed by morphological observation. Extraction from potato tubers and soil was conducted using mist chamber, Baermann funnel, and centrifugation techniques. Tuber samples were collected from five markets in Bogor Regency, while samples of potato plants exhibiting PCN symptoms were obtained from three villages (Jojogan, Patakbanteng, and Parikesit) in Dieng. The results showed no nematodes in table potatoes sold at traditional markets in Bogor Regency; however, samples from Dieng potato fields exhibited symptoms of cyst nematode infestation and signs of the disease in the form of cysts on the potato roots. Cyst disease incidence ranged from 10.75% to 16.67% in Jojogan Village (with nematode populations of 16–70 per plant), 5% in Patakbanteng Village (populations of 4–13 per plant), and 41% to 55% in Parikesit Village (cyst populations of 5–36 per plant).