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      Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Kedelai di Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      LESTARI, DESTRIYANI FUJI
      Sugiarto, Yon
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      Abstract
      Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan strategis di Indonesia yang berperan sebagai sumber protein nabati. Produktivitas kedelai sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi iklim, terutama suhu udara dan curah hujan, sehingga perubahan iklim berpotensi menurunkan hasil produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik iklim, memproyeksikan perubahan suhu udara dan curah hujan periode 2025–2054 di Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat menggunakan model CMIP6 CMCC-ESM2 dan MRI-ESM2-0 pada skenario SSP2-4.5 dan SSP5-8.5, serta menganalisis dampaknya terhadap produktivitas kedelai. Data yang digunakan meliputi suhu udara ERA5, curah hujan CHIRPS, data produktivitas kedelai dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Kementerian Pertanian. Analisis dilakukan melalui koreksi bias menggunakan metode delta dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara di kedua wilayah meningkat pada seluruh model dan skenario dibandingkan periode historis. Curah hujan di Jawa Timur cenderung meningkat, sedangkan di Nusa Tenggara Barat menunjukkan perbedaan respon antar model proyeksi. Perubahan kondisi iklim tersebut diikuti penurunan produktivitas kedelai. Di Jawa Timur, produktivitas rata-rata turun dari 1,41 ton menjadi 1,14-1,25 ton, sedangkan di Nusa Tenggara Barat menurun dari 1,20 ton menjadi 0,93-1,05 ton. Penurunan yang lebih besar terjadi pada skenario SSP5-8.5 dibandingkan SSP2-4.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu udara dan perubahan pola curah hujan akibat perubahan iklim berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas kedelai di Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat.
       
      Soybeans are one of the strategic food commodities in Indonesia that acts as a source of vegetable protein. Soybean productivity is greatly influenced by climatic conditions, especially air temperature and rainfall, so climate change has the potential to reduce production yields. This study aims to identify climate characteristics, project changes in air temperature and rainfall for the period 2025 2054 in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara using CMIP6 CMCC-ESM2 and MRI ESM2-0 models in SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, and analyze their impact on soybean productivity. The data used included ERA5 air temperature, CHIRPS rainfall, soybean productivity data from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture. The analysis was carried out through bias correction using the delta method and multiple linear regression. The results showed that air temperatures in both regions increased across models and scenarios compared to historical periods. Rainfall in East Java tends to increase, while in West Nusa Tenggara it shows differences in response between projection models. The change in climatic conditions is followed by a decrease in soybean productivity. In East Java, the average productivity decreased from 1.41 tons to 1.14-1.25 tons, while in West Nusa Tenggara it decreased from 1.20 tons to 0.93-1.05 tons. A greater decline occurred in the SSP5-8.5 scenario compared to SSP2-4.5. The results show that increased air temperature and changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change have the potential to reduce soybean productivity in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/175943
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