Model Vertical dan Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland dalam Pengolahan Air Limbah Peternakan

Abstract

Intensifikasi peternakan sapi menghasilkan air limbah yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan akibat tingginya kandungan amonia dan Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Penelitian ini membandingkan kinerja model Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs) dan Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands (HFCWs) dalam menurunkan amonia dan TSS pada Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 1 hari (6 jam, 12 jam, 18 jam, dan 24 jam), 3 hari, dan 5 hari menggunakan Cyperus alternifolius. VFCWs menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan HFCWs. Kedua sistem efektif memenuhi baku mutu sejak HRT 6 jam dengan persentase penurunan tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 99,06% dan 98% pada parameter amonia. Sementara itu, pada parameter TSS, persentase penurunan tertinggi diperoleh pada HRT 5 hari, yaitu sebesar 98,51% pada VFCWs dan 97,77% pada HFCWs. Meskipun kedua sistem menunjukkan kemampuan penyisihan TSS yang tinggi, hanya VFCWs yang menghasilkan konsentrasi efluen di bawah baku mutu, yaitu 69,33 mg/L. Oleh karena itu, VFCWs pada HRT 5 hari merupakan model paling efektif untuk pengolahan air limbah peternakan.

The intensification of livestock production generates wastewater with significant environmental pollution potential due to its high concentrations of ammonia and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). This study compared the performance of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs) and Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands (HFCWs) in removing ammonia and TSS at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs) of 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours, as well as 3 and 5 days, using Cyperus alternifolius. Overall, the VFCWs demonstrated superior treatment performance to the HFCWs. Both model systems met the effluent discharge standard from the 6-hour HRT onward, achieving maximum ammonia removal efficiencies of 99.06% and 98%, respectively. The highest TSS removal efficiencies were achieved at the 5-day HRT, reaching 98.51% for the VFCWs and 97.77% for the HFCWs. Although both model systems exhibited high TSS removal efficiencies, only the VFCWs produced an effluent TSS concentration below the discharge standard, at 69.33 mg/L. Therefore, the VFCW model with a 5-day HRT was identified as the most effective treatment option for livestock wastewater.