Strategi Penanganan Konflik dan Relasi Sosial di Kawasan Transmigrasi Weri-Saharey

Abstract

Kawasan transmigrasi mempertemukan kebijakan pembangunan, masyarakat lokal, dan penduduk pendatang sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan persoalan sosial apabila hak atas lahan dan kepentingan para pihak belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik, pola, faktor penyebab, dampak, relasi sosial, serta strategi penanganan konflik di Kawasan Transmigrasi Weri-Saharey, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, FGD, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Informan dipilih secara purposive, meliputi masyarakat adat, penduduk trans-lokal, tokoh kampung, pemerintah distrik, dan OPD terkait. Data dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, dibantu NVivo, serta dibaca melalui tahapan konflik Fisher. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik di Weri-Saharey berakar pada persoalan tanah ulayat, hak makan, dusun pala, pelepasan lahan, dan ketidakjelasan kewenangan adat. Konflik berkembang dari prakonflik, konfrontasi, krisis, hingga pascakonflik. Faktor penyebab konflik meliputi faktor ekonomi, infrastruktur, kelembagaan, dan sosial budaya. Dampak konflik terlihat pada keterbatasan akses, beban ekonomi, ketimpangan sosial, dan perubahan sosial. Relasi sosial masyarakat masih ditopang oleh gotong royong, toleransi, adaptasi, dan nilai adat. Strategi penanganan konflik diarahkan melalui duduk tikar, pemetaan partisipatif, berita acara kesepakatan, verifikasi pemerintah, dan forum monitoring bersama.

Transmigration areas bring together development policies, local communities, and migrant populations, potentially creating social problems when land rights and the interests of the parties remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, patterns, causes, impacts, social relations, and conflict management strategies in the Weri-Saharey Transmigration Area, Fakfak Regency, West Papua. The study used a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and document review. Informants were selected purposively, including customary communities, trans-local residents, village figures, district government officials, and related local government agencies. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, supported by NVivo, and interpreted through Fisher’s conflict stages. The findings show that conflict in Weri-Saharey is rooted in customary land rights, use rights, nutmeg groves, land release, and unclear customary authority. The conflict developed through pre-conflict, confrontation, crisis, and post-conflict stages. The causes include economic, infrastructural, institutional, and socio-cultural factors. The impacts are reflected in limited access, economic burdens, social inequality, and social change. Community social relations remain supported by mutual cooperation, tolerance, adaptation, and customary values. Conflict management strategies are directed through adat deliberation, participatory mapping, written agreements, government verification, and a joint monitoring forum.