Life Cycle Assessment Produksi Steam pada Package Boiler di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap

Abstract

Proses produksi steam pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai dampak lingkungan akibat pembakaran bahan bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak lingkungan produksi steam menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment dengan batasan sistem gate-to-gate dan unit fungsi 1 ton steam. Penilaian mengacu pada SNI ISO 14040:2016 menggunakan metode CML-IA baseline serta Permen LHK No. 7 Tahun 2025 dengan kategori dampak Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Ozone Depletion Potential, dan Cumulative Energy Demand. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kategori dampak terbesar adalah Global Warming Potential dengan nilai 6.63 x 101 kg CO2-eq akibat penggunaan bahan bakar natural gas. Boiler Heating and Combustion menjadi hotspot utama karena mendominasi konsumsi energi dan pembentukan emisi. Upaya perbaikan yang direkomendasikan adalah Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) dan co-firing bahan bakar terbarukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi serta mengurangi dampak lingkungan.

Steam production in a Combined Cycle Power Plant has the potential to generate various environmental impacts due to fuel combustion. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of steam production using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with a gate-to-gate system boundary and a functional unit of 1 ton of steam. The assessment was conducted in accordance with SNI ISO 14040:2016 using the CML-IA baseline method and Permen LHK No. 7 Tahun 2025, covering the impact categories of Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Ozone Depletion Potential, and Cumulative Energy Demand. The results indicate that Global Warming Potential is the most significant impact category, with a value of 6.63 x 101 kg CO2-eq, primarily due to the use of natural gas as fuel. The Boiler Heating and Combustion subsystem was identified as the main environmental hotspot because it dominates energy consumption and emissions generation. The recommended improvement strategies include Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) optimization and renewable fuel co-firing to improve process efficiency and reduce environmental impacts.