Pola Devigorasi Deteriorasi dan Pendugaan Vigor Daya Simpan Benih serta Pola Delta Steinbauer-Sadjad pada Kacang Tanah

Abstract

Peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea L.) are susceptible to quality deterioration during storage because of their high lipid and protein contents. Seed quality must therefore be evaluated during storage and before sowing. Conventional seed-quality testing is time-consuming; consequently, a rapid method is needed to assess seed physiological quality. This study aimed to establish a seed devigoration pattern using the Controlled Deterioration Test (CDT), determine the deterioration pattern of peanut seeds during natural storage, develop predicting seed storability, and characterize the delta pattern based on the Steinbauer-Sadjad concept. The study consisted of four stages. Stage 1 established the seed devigoration pattern using the CDT, with aging durations of 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h (±15 min) nested within seed moisture contents of approximately 20% and 22%. Stage 2 established the deterioration pattern during natural storage, with storage periods of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 weeks nested within two storage conditions: a room-temperature environment at 28-30 °C and 75-78% relative humidity (RH), and an air-conditioned room at 18-20 °C and 51-60% RH. Stage 3 develop predicting seed storability. Stage 4 established the delta pattern based on the Steinbauer-Sadjad concept by calculating the difference between potential viability, represented by germination percentage, and seed vigor, represented by relative growth rate, at each observation time (? = Vp - Vg) using Microsoft Excel. The data were analyzed using Fisher's analysis of variance, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and correlation and regression analyses. Physical accelerated aging at initial seed moisture contents of approximately 20% and 22%, combined with aging durations of 60 and 72 h, could be used to establish the seed devigoration pattern. The pattern followed an exponential model describing the relationship between germination percentage (Y) and aging duration (X, h), as expressed by Y = 111.74e?°·°¹¹?. Seed viability declined after 14 weeks of natural storage, as indicated by decreases in germination percentage and normal seedling dry weight. Seed vigor, based on germination speed, declined earlier, beginning at 8 weeks in the room-temperature environment and at 14 weeks in the air-conditioned room. Increased electrolyte leakage, as indicated by electrical conductivity, was also detected beginning at 8 weeks in the room-temperature environment and at 14 weeks in the air-conditioned room. The deterioration patterns during natural storage followed exponential models describing the relationship between germination percentage (Y) and storage period (X, weeks), namely Y = 132.98e?°·°6¹? for the room-temperature environment and Y = 114.06e?°·°³? for the air-conditioned room. The prediction of seed storability vigor based on germination percentage (VDS??) for storage in the air-conditioned room using the CDT was expressed as Vair-conditioned = -1,0894P + 86,677, with P = 0,3681E + 0,4927. For storage in the room-temperature environment, the prediction was expressed as Vambientroom = -2.2404P + 92.568, with P = 0,1797E + 2,8111, where V represents seed viability (%), P represents the storage period (weeks), and E represents the CDT aging duration (h). The resulting delta pattern indicated that Period III of seed devigoration began after 60 h of accelerated aging, with the critical point occurring at 72 h. During natural storage, Period III began at 12 weeks in the room-temperature environment and at 14 weeks in the air-conditioned room. The critical point under both natural storage conditions occurred at 18 weeks.