Hubungan Uang Saku, Online Food Delivery, Akses Pangan Fisik, dan FoMO dengan Pengeluaran Pangan dan Asupan Gizi Mahasiswa

Abstract

Fenomena Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) pada generasi muda dapat memengaruhi perilaku konsumsi pangan melalui paparan tren makanan di media sosial dan penggunaan aplikasi pemesanan makanan online. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan FoMO, uang saku, dan akses pangan dengan pengeluaran pangan serta tingkat kecukupan zat gizi mahasiswa Program Studi Sekolah Bisnis dan Manajemen IPB University. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan purposive sampling pada 72 responden (36 mahasiswa Sekolah Bisnis dan 36 mahasiswa Manajemen). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik responden, FoMO, food recall 2×24 jam, dan data pengeluaran pangan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Fisher-Freeman-Halton, korelasi Spearman, Mann-Whitney, dan Independent T-Test. Hasil menunjukkan FoMO berhubungan signifikan dengan tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0,023), protein (p=0,005), dan serat (p=0,016) pada mahasiswa Sekolah Bisnis dengan arah hubungan negatif, tetapi tidak pada mahasiswa Manajemen (p>0,05). Uang saku berhubungan signifikan dengan pengeluaran pangan pada mahasiswa Sekolah Bisnis (p=0,016) dan Manajemen (p=0,011). Frekuensi penggunaan aplikasi pemesanan makanan online dan jarak kos ke pasar tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan pengeluaran pangan maupun tingkat kecukupan zat gizi (p>0,05), kecuali jarak kos ke pasar yang berhubungan dengan kecukupan energi pada mahasiswa Manajemen (p=0,013). Alasan utama penggunaan aplikasi adalah preferensi (48,7%) serta promo dan harga terjangkau (33,9%).

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) among young adults may influence food consumption behavior through exposure to food trends on social media and the use of online food delivery applications. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between FoMO, allowance, and food access with food expenditure and nutrient adequacy among students of the School of Business and Management study programs at IPB University. A cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was employed involving 72 respondents, consisting of 36 School of Business students and 36 Management students. Data were collected through interviews using respondent characteristic questionnaires, the FoMO questionnaire, 2×24-hour food recalls, and food expenditure records. Data were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test, Spearman correlation, Mann Whitney test, and independent t-test. The results showed that FoMO was significantly associated with energy (p=0.023), protein (p=0.005), and fiber adequacy (p=0.016) among School of Business students, with negative correlations, but not among Management students (p>0.05). Allowance was significantly associated with food expenditure among School of Business (p=0.016) and Management students (p=0.011). Online food delivery application use and market distance were not significantly associated with food expenditure or nutrient adequacy (p>0.05), except for the association between market distance and energy adequacy among Management students (p=0.013). Preference (48.7%) and promotions or affordability (33.9%) were the main reasons for using online food delivery applications.