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      Tipologi Perkembangan Kelurahan di Kota Tasikmalaya Tahun 2013-2023

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Nurjanah, Siti
      Mulya, Setyardi Pratika
      Pravitasari, Andrea Emma
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      Abstract
      Perkembangan spasial pada tingkat kelurahan di Kota Tasikmalaya menunjukkan ketimpangan wilayah yang semakin nyata akibat ekspansi perkotaan dan transformasi penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan spasial kelurahan, mengidentifikasi perubahan tutupan lahan, dan mengklasifikasikan tipologi kelurahan berdasarkan indikator perkembangan selama periode 2013-2023. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui analisis spasial, entropi, skalogram, dan klasterisasi K-Means untuk mengelompokkan kelurahan berdasarkan kemiripan karakteristik wilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terjadi konversi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan terbangun. Luas lahan pertanian menurun dari 14.296 hektar pada tahun 2013 menjadi 10.577 hektar pada tahun 2023 atau berkurang sebesar 20%, sedangkan luas permukiman meningkat dari 3.847 hektar menjadi 7.433 hektar; (2) keragaman tutupan lahan meningkat yang ditunjukkan oleh bertambahnya jumlah kelurahan kategori heterogen dari 13 menjadi 35 kelurahan; (3) tingkat perkembangan wilayah berdasarkan Indeks Perkembangan Kelurahan (IPK) berada pada kisaran 65%-82% dan menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan spasial, dengan wilayah pusat kota lebih berkembang dibandingkan wilayah pinggiran; serta (4) klasterisasi K-Means mengelompokkan kelurahan ke dalam tipologi urban, peri-urban, dan rural. Wilayah urban dicirikan oleh tingginya nilai IPK dan dominasi lahan terbangun, wilayah peri-urban menunjukkan karakter transisi dengan keragaman penggunaan lahan yang tinggi, sedangkan wilayah rural masih didominasi aktivitas pertanian. Temuan ini menunjukkan pergeseran struktur ruang menuju pola yang lebih menyebar dengan wilayah peri-urban sebagai pusat pertumbuhan baru. Oleh karena itu, perencanaan berbasis tipologi wilayah diperlukan untuk mengurangi ketimpangan spasial dan mendukung pembangunan yang berkelanjutan.
       
      Spatial development at the village (kelurahan) level in Tasikmalaya City has exhibited increasingly pronounced regional disparities as a result of urban expansion and land-use transformation. This study aims to analyze spatial development at the village level, identify land cover changes, and classify village typologies based on development indicators during the 2013-2023 period. A quantitative approach was employed using spatial analysis, entropy analysis, scalogram analysis, and K-Means clustering to group villages according to similarities in their regional characteristics. The results indicate that: (1) a significant conversion of agricultural land into built-up areas occurred. Agricultural land decreased from 14,296 hectares in 2013 to 10,577 hectares in 2023, representing a 20% reduction, while residential land increased from 3,847 hectares to 7,433 hectares; (2) land-cover diversity increased, as reflected by the rise in the number of villages classified as heterogeneous from 13 to 35; (3) the level of regional development, measured using the Village Development Index (VDI), ranged from 65% to 82% and revealed spatial disparities, with urban core areas consistently more developed than peripheral areas; and (4) K-Means clustering classified villages into three typologies: urban, peri-urban, and rural. Urban areas were characterized by high VDI values and the dominance of built-up land, peri urban areas exhibited transitional characteristics with high land-use diversity, while rural areas remained dominated by agricultural activities. These findings indicate a shift in the spatial structure from a monocentric pattern toward a more dispersed pattern, with peri-urban areas emerging as new growth centers. Therefore, typology-based regional planning is essential to reduce spatial disparities and support sustainable development.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/175655
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