Studi Morfologi dan Molekuler Ancylostoma sp. yang Menginfeksi Anjing di Mini Zoo Bumi Serpong Damai

Abstract

Infeksi cacing tambang pada anjing memiliki potensi zoonosis yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies Ancylostoma sp. yang menginfeksi anjing melalui pendekatan morfologi dan molekuler. Sampel feses anjing dikultur untuk memperoleh larva infektif (L3), kemudian dianalisis secara morfometrik melalui pengamatan mikroskopis dan secara molekuler melalui amplifikasi daerah Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), yang dilanjutkan dengan sekuensing, BLAST serta analisis pohon filogenetik. Larva L3 menunjukkan karakter morfologi khas genus Ancylostoma dengan panjang tubuh sekitar 508 µm dan lebar 18 µm. Hasil PCR menghasilkan fragmen DNA berukuran 570 bp, dan analisis BLAST menunjukkan kemiripan identitas 100% terhadap Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Analisis pohon filogenetik menempatkan sampel Tangerang dalam satu klad dengan A. ceylanicum dari Vietnam, Jepang, dan China. Berdasarkan kesesuaian hasil morfometrik dan molekuler, cacing tambang yang menginfeksi anjing pada penelitian ini teridentifikasi sebagai Ancylostoma ceylanicum.

Hookworm infection in dogs has zoonotic potential and poses a significant threat to public health. This study aimed to identify the species of Ancylostoma infecting dogs using morphological and molecular approaches. Dog fecal samples were cultured to obtain infective third-stage larvae (L3), which were subsequently analyzed morphometrically through microscopic observation and molecularly by amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA region using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), followed by DNA sequencing, BLAST analysis, and phylogenetic tree analysis. The L3 larvae exhibited morphological characteristics typical of the genus Ancylostoma, with an average body length of approximately 508 µm and a width of 18 µm. PCR amplification produced a DNA fragment of approximately 570 bp, while BLAST analysis showed 100% sequence identity with Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Tangerang isolate within the same clade as A. ceylanicum isolates from Vietnam, Japan, and China. Based on the concordance between the morphometric and molecular findings, the hookworms infecting dogs in this study were identified as Ancylostoma ceylanicum.