Deteksi gen aac(3)-IV pada Escherichia coli Isolat dari Kucing yang Resistan terhadap Gentamisini dan/atau Kanamisin

Abstract

Resistansi antibiotik merupakan masalah kesehatan yang terus meningkat, termasuk pada hewan peliharaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat profil resistansi antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida serta keberadaan gen aac(3)–IV pada 15 isolat E. coli yang diambil dari kucing. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penumbuhan ulang pada media MacConkey agar (MCA) dan eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA), pewarnaan Gram, uji resistansi terhadap gentamisin dan kanamisin yang dilakukan sebanyak dua kali pengulangan, serta deteksi gen menggunakan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hasil pengujian resistansi menunjukkan bahwa pada antibiotik gentamisin terdapat 1 isolat (6,67%) E. coli yang resistan, 4 isolat (26,67%) intermediet, dan 10 isolat (66,67%) sensitif. Sebanyak 1 isolat (6,67%) resistan, 0 isolat (0%) intermediet dan 14 isolat (93,33%) sensitif pada antibiotik kanamisin. Isolat yang resistan dan intermediet dianalisis secara molekuler untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gen aac(3)–IV. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan gen tersebut tidak terdeteksi pada kelima isolat yang diperiksa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aminoglikosida masih memiliki efektivitas yang baik terhadap isolat E. coli. Keberadaan isolat intermediet dan resistan menegaskan pentingnya pemantauan resistansi secara berkala untuk mendukung penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional dalam praktik kedokteran hewan.

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing health concern, including in companion animals. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates to aminoglycoside antibiotics and the presence of the aac(3)–IV gene in 15 E. coli isolates obtained from cats. The methods included subculturing on MacConkey agar (MCA) and eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA), Gram staining, antimicrobial susceptibility testing against gentamicin and kanamycin performed in duplicate, and detection of the aac(3)–IV gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that, for gentamicin, 1 isolate (6.67%) was resistant, 4 isolates (26.67%) were intermediate, and 10 isolates (66.67%) were susceptible. For kanamycin, 1 isolate (6.67%) was resistant, no isolates (0%) were intermediate, and 14 isolates (93.33%) were susceptible. Resistant and intermediate isolates were subsequently analyzed by PCR to detect the presence of the aac(3)–IV gene. The results showed that the gene was not detected in any of the five isolates examined. These findings indicate that aminoglycosides remain effective against most E. coli isolates. However, the presence of intermediate and resistant isolates highlights the importance of continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance to support the rational use of antibiotics in veterinary practice.