Kejadian Staphylococcus aureus Resistan Antibiotik Asal Swab Kulit dan Hidung Kucing Sehat di Depok dan Kota Bogor

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) adalah ancaman global yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penting penyebab AMR yang berpotensi ditularkan melalui hewan kesayangan, termasuk kucing. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kejadian S. aureus resistan antibiotik pada kucing sehat di Depok dan Kota Bogor. Sebanyak 71 sampel swab kulit dan mukosa hidung dikoleksi dan isolasi S. aureus dilakukan menggunakan Mannitol Salt Agar. Isolat presumptif S. aureus dikonfirmasi dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction gen 16S rRNA dan nuc. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik metode Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, serta uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) terhadap streptomisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum tingkat isolasi S. aureus sebesar 19,7% (14/71) dari total sampel yang diuji, dengan angka proporsi isolasi lebih tinggi pada swab hidung (34,4%; 11/32) dibandingkan swab kulit (7,7%; 3/39). Selanjutnya, sejumlah 24 isolat S. aureus diperoleh dari 14 sampel positif S. aureus. Tingkat resistansi tertinggi ditemukan terhadap penisilin (54%), diikuti oksasilin (25%), klindamisin (17%), tetrasiklin (8%), dan gentamisin (8%). Sebanyak 4,2% isolat tergolong multidrug-resistant. Seluruh isolat sensitif terhadap streptomisin dosis tinggi dengan nilai MIC50 dan MIC90 masing-masing sebesar 8 µg/mL dan 16 µg/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kucing sehat berpotensi menjadi reservoir S. aureus resistan antibiotik yang berperan dalam penyebaran AMR dalam perspektif One Health.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that affects both human and animal health. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacterial pathogens associated with AMR and can potentially be transmitted through companion animals, including cats. This study aimed to identify antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in healthy cats from Depok and Bogor City, Indonesia. A total of 71 skin and nasal swab samples were collected, and S. aureus was isolated using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Presumptive S. aureus isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA and nuc genes. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test was performed for streptomycin. The results showed an overall S. aureus isolation rate of 19.7% (14/71), with a higher proportion in nasal swabs (34.4%; 11/32) than in skin swabs (7.7%; 3/39). A total of 24 S. aureus isolates were recovered from 14 of the positive samples. The highest resistance rate was observed against penicillin (54%), followed by oxacillin (25%), clindamycin (17%), tetracycline (8%), and gentamicin (8%). A total of 4.2% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). All isolates remained susceptible to high-level streptomycin, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 8 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL, respectively. These findings indicate that healthy cats may serve as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and contribute to the dissemination of AMR within the One Health framework.