Deteksi Molekuler IBV-Like Virus pada Burung Perkutut (Geopelia striata) Asal Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Virus infectious bronchitis (IBV) umumnya menginfeksi ayam, namun kini banyak terdeteksi virus dengan kemiripan genetik seperti IBV (IBV-like virus) pada berbagai burung liar non domestik. Burung perkutut sebagai spesies synanthropic berpotensi menjadi reservoir alami virus tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan IBV-like virus pada burung perkutut melalui deteksi molekuler, serta menilai potensinya sebagai reservoir. Sampel swab orofaring dan kloaka dikoleksi dari 10 ekor burung perkutut sehat pada minggu ke-0, ke-2, dan ke-4. Deteksi molekuler dilakukan menggunakan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dengan target gen spike 1 (S1). Hasil amplifikasi gen S1 negatif pada minggu ke-0 dan ke-4, namun positif pada minggu ke-2 yang ditandai dengan pita spesifik 466 bp. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, keberadaan IBV-like virus pada burung perkutut berhasil dideteksi dari sampel orofaring dan kloaka melalui pengujian molekuler RT-PCR terhadap target gen S1. Temuan ini menguatkan dugaan burung perkutut sebagai reservoir alami IBV-like virus di lingkungan dengan pola eksresi intremittent.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) primarily infects chickens. However, recent findings report that viruses with genetic similarities to IBV (IBV-like virus) have been detected across various non-domestic wild bird orders. As a synanthropic species, zebra dove (Geopelia striata) has the potential to serve as a natural reservoir for this virus. This study aims to detect the presence of an IBV-like virus in zebra doves through molecular detection and to assess their potential as a reservoir. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected from 10 healthy zebra doves at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Molecular detection was performed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the spike 1 (S1) gene. The amplification results for the S1 gene were negative at weeks 0 and 4, but positive at week 2, marked by a specific band at 466 bp. The presence of IBV-like virus in zebra doves was successfully detected from oropharyngeal and cloacal samples through RT-PCR molecular testing against the S1 gene target. These findings support the hypothesis that zebra doves serve as a natural reservoir for IBV-like virus in the environment, exhibiting an intermittent viral shedding pattern.