Ketahanan Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) Termodifikasi Boron, Asam Sitrat, dan Pemanasan terhadap Rayap Tanah

Abstract

Kayu mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) banyak digunakan untuk furnitur, tetapi memiliki ketahanan alami yang rendah terhadap rayap tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kombinasi bahan pengawet boron (asam borat dan boraks), asam sitrat, dan pemanasan terhadap ketahanan kayu mahoni dari rayap tanah, serta menentukan kombinasi perlakuan yang menghasilkan ketahanan kayu mahoni paling tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengawetan rendaman dingin selama 48 jam dengan konsentrasi larutan 10%, dilanjutkan dengan pemanasan pada suhu 180 °C selama 4 jam. Pengujian meliputi penentuan nilai retensi, uji lapang dan uji laboratorium. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial pada taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan interaksi perlakuan senyawa boron, asam sitrat, dan pemanasan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketahanan kayu dan mortalitas rayap. Kombinasi asam borat, boraks, dan pemanasan memberikan ketahanan kayu mahoni yang paling optimal terhadap rayap tanah.

Mahogany wood (Swietenia macrophylla) is widely used for furniture; however, it has low natural resistance to subterranean termites. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined boron preservatives (boric acid and borax), citric acid, and heat treatment on the resistance of mahogany wood to subterranean termites, as well as to determine the treatment combination that provides the highest termite resistance. The preservation treatment was carried out using a cold-soaking method in a 10% preservative solution for 48 hours, followed by heat treatment at 180 °C for 4 hours. The tests included retention determination, field testing, and laboratory testing. The data were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) at a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The ANOVA results indicated that the interaction among boron compounds, citric acid, and heat treatment had a significant effect on wood resistance and termite mortality. The combination of boric acid, borax, and heat treatment provided the most effective improvement in the resistance of mahogany wood against subterranean termites.