Seroprevalensi Penyakit Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease pada Peternakan Kelinci di Wilayah Kabupaten Wonosobo

Abstract

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) merupakan penyakit virus yang sangat menular pada kelinci yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerugian pada peternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran seroprevalensi RHD pada peternakan kelinci di wilayah Kabupaten Wonosobo. Sampel serum merupakan sampel arsip Balai Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan Jawa Tengah yang dikumpulkan dari beberapa peternakan kelinci tradisional. Serum diuji menggunakan metode inhibition ELISA untuk mendeteksi antibodi terhadap Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menentukan nilai seroprevalensi dan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seroprevalensi RHD sebesar 40,91% dengan interval kepercayaan pada rentang 27,70–55,60% dan titer antibodi berkisar 5–180 EU. Seluruh kelinci seropositif pada penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis spesifik. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya paparan RHDV serta kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi subklinis dan sirkulasi virus di lapangan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi data dasar dalam upaya pengawasan dan pengendalian RHD pada peternakan kelinci di Indonesia khususnya Kabupaten Wonosobo.

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is a highly contagious viral disease in rabbits that may cause economic losses to rabbit farmers. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) in rabbit farms in Wonosobo Regency. Serum samples were obtained from the archive of the Central Java Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Agency and had been collected from several traditional rabbit farms. The serum samples were tested using the inhibition ELISA method to detect antibodies against Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV). Data were analyzed descriptively to determine seroprevalence values and 95% confidence levels. The results showed an RHD seroprevalence of 40.91%, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 27.70 to 55.60%, and antibody titers ranging from 5 to 180 EU. All seropositive rabbits in this study showed no specific clinical signs. These findings indicate exposure to RHDV as well as the possible occurrence of subclinical infection and viral circulation in the field. This study is expected to provide baseline data for RHD surveillance and control in rabbit farms in Indonesia, particularly in Wonosobo Regency.